Özlem YILMAZ, UĞUR SUNLU, Fatma Sanem SUNLU

İzmir Körfezi' nde anyonik deterjan düzeylerinin araştırılması

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Ocak, 2003- Aralık, 2003 döneminde İzmir Körfezi’nde seçilen üç istasyondan (Çiğli Arıtma Tesisi Açığı İstasyonu, Yat Limanı Açığı İstasyonu, Melez Deresi Açığı İstasyonu) aylık periyotlar halinde alınan yüzey suyu örneklerinde anyonik deterjan, klorofil a ve reaktif fosfat düzeylerinin izlenmesidir. Anyonik yüzey aktif madde konsantrasyonları, minimum 0.032 mg L-1 ile maksimum 0.232 mg L-1 aralığında olup, ortalama değer: 0.095 mg L-1’dir. Reaktif fosfat konsantrasyonları, minimum 0.018 ile maksimum 0.564 mg L-1 aralığında bulunmuştur, ortalama değer: 0.113 mg L-1’dir. Anyonik yüzey aktif madde ve reaktif fosfat arasında belirgin bir korelasyon görülmemiştir. Klorofil a konsantrasyonları, minimum 1.6 μg chl a L-1 ile maksimum 33.75 μg chl a L-1 aralığında bulunmuştur, ortalama değer 6.54 μg chl a L-1 ’dir. Sıcaklık 9 ile 27.1 oC aralığında ölçülmüştür, ortalama 18.44 oC’ dir. Ayrıca, dört adet kaynak istasyondan (Melez Deresi İstasyonu, Bostanlı Deresi İstasyonu, Bayraklı Deresi İstasyonu, Manda Deresi İstasyonu), kuru (Ağustos 2005) ve yağışlı (Aralık 2005) mevsimde yüzey suyu örnekleri alınmış; bu örneklerde yüzey aktif madde konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Maksimum konsantrasyon, 4.549 mg L-1 olarak yağışlı mevsimde Melez Deresi İstasyonu’nda ölçülmüştür. Minimum konsantrasyon, 0.168 mg L-1 olarak yağışlı mevsimde Bostanlı Deresi İstasyonu’nda ölçülmüştür. Dört kaynak istasyonda ölçülen konsantrasyonlar, Melez Nehri’nin diğer üç kaynak istasyondan daha fazla anyonik deterjan taşıdığını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

yüzey etkin maddeler, Türkiye, anyonlar, sanayi atıkları, su kirliliği, kirlilik kontrolü, deterjanlar, fosfat

Research of anionic detergent levels in İzmir Bay

The aim of this research is to monitor anionic detergent, chlorophyll a and reactive phosphate levels in samples of surface water those were taken monthly in the period of January, 2003-December, 2003, from three stations (Station of Çiğli Offshore, Station of Yat Club Offshore, Station of Melez River Offshore) selected in İzmir Bay. The concentrations of anionic surface-active substances are evaluated between 0.032 mg L-1 and 0.232 mg L-1 and average value is 0.095 mg L-1. The concentrations of reactive phosphate are evaluated between 0.018 mg L-1 and 0.564 mg L-1 and average value is 0.113 mg L-1. There was no definite correlation among anionic surface active substances and reactive phosphate. The concentrations of chlorophyll a are measured between 1.6 μg chl a L-1 and 33.75 μg chl a L-1 and average value is 6.54 μg chl a L-1. The heat levels are measured between 9 and 27.1 oC and the average is 18.44 oC. Also, samples of surface water were taken in dry (August, 2005) and rainy (December, 2005) seasons from source stations (Station of Melez River, Station of Bostanlı River, Station of Bayraklı River, Station of Manda River), in these samples the concentrations of surface active substances were evaluated. Maximum concentration was evaluated in rainy season from Station of Melez River with 4.549 mg L-1; minimum concentration was evaluated in rainy season from Station of Bostanlı River with 0.168 mg L-1. The concentrations those were evaluated from source stations show that Melez River carries more anionic detergent than other three stations.

Keywords:

surfactants, Turkey, anions, industrial wastes, water pollution, pollution control, detergents, phosphate,

PDF

___

Altay, O., 1990, Research of Anionic Surface Active Substances Pollution in İzmir Bay, (In Turkish), Master Thessis, D.E.Ü. Marine Science and Technology Institute, Marine Sciences Department, 69p.

Alzaga, R., A. Pena, L. Ortiz, and J.M. Bayona, 2003, Determination of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates in Aqueous Matrices by Ion-Pair Solid-Phase Microextraction-in-Port Derivatization-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Spain and Mexico, Journal of Chromatography A, 999 (2003) 51-60

Baş, Z., 1987, Properties of Synthetic Detergent and Surface Active Substances and Their Effects to Environment, (In Turkish), Detergent Pollution Symposium.

Büyükışık, H.B., Ö. Erbil, 1987, Researches of Nutrient Dynamics in İzmir Inner Bay, (In Turkish), Doğa TU Eng. and Env.. D.C. 11 (3): 379-395

EEA, http://reports.eea.eu.int, 2001, Eutrophication in Europe’s Coastal Waters

EEC,http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/index_en.htm, 2002, Bathing Water Quality Directive 76/160

Egemen, Ö., 2000, Environment and Water Pollution, (In Turkish), Bornova, E.Ü. Faculty of Fisheries Journals, 42, İzmir, 120p.

Egemen, Ö., U. Sunlu, 2003, Water Quality, (In Turkish), Bornova, E.Ü. Faculty of Fisheries Journals 14, İzmir, 148p.

İzgören, S., 1992, Detergent Pollution in Melez Stream and Its Correlation with Nutrients, (In Turkish), Master Thessis, E.Ü. Faculty of Science, Biology Department 82p.

Ostroumov, S.A., 2003, Studying Effects of Some Surfactants and Detergents on Filter-Feeding Bivalves, Russia, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Hydrobiologia 500:341-344

Perales, J.A., M.A. Manzano, D. Sales, J.M. Quiroga, 2002, Biodisposition of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates and Their Associated Sulphophenyl Carboxilic Acid Metabolites in Sea Water, Spain, International Biodeterioration and Biodegredation 51 (2003) 187-194

Resmi Gazete, 1988, Legislation of Water Pollution Control, (In Turkish), Number 19919, September 4, 1988, Ankara

Yaramaz, Ö., 1984, Research of Detergent and Bor Pollution Those Because of Domestic and Industrial Wastes in İzmir Bay, (In Turkish), İzmir, E.Ü. Hydrobiology and Water Products Research and Application Centre, phD. Thessis.