Türkiye' de önemli kerevit türlerinin yetiştiriciliği

Dünyada yetiştiriciliği yaygın olarak yapılan 10 adet kerevit türü mevcut olup, bunlar Astacidae, Cambaridae ve Parastacidae familyaları içersinde yer alır. Bunlardan Astacidae ve Cambaridae familyası üyeleri kuzey yarım kürede yetiştirilirken, Parastacid’lerin üretimi güney yarım kürede yapılmaktadır. Kerevit yetiştiriciliğinde çoğunlukla ekstansif üretim şekli uygulanmakla birlikte, yarı-entansif ve entansif üretim yöntemleri de kullanılmaktadır. Dünyada yetiştiricilik yolu ile elde edilen kerevit miktarı geçmiş yıllara nazaran önemli oranda artmıştır. Ülkemizdeki kerevit üretimi ise aşırı avlama, kirlilik ve mantar hastalığı (Aphanomyces astaci) gibi nedenlerden dolayı 1985’den sonra 5000 tondan 200 tona kadar hızlı bir şekilde düşmüştür. Ülkemizin kerevit üretim potansiyelini yeniden canlandırmak için mevcut stokların iyi bir şekilde yönetimi ve ülkemize adapte olabilecek verimli yeni türlerin tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle yetiştiriciliği yapılan önemli kerevit türleri verim ve adaptasyon özellikleri bakımından incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Astacidae, kerevit, Türkiye, Cambaridae, Parastacidae, balık yetiştiriciliği

Culture of the important crayfish species in Turkey

Culture of the important crayfish species in Turkey. There are 10 crayfish species cultured commonly throughout the world belong to Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae families. While Astacidae and Cambaridae are cultured in the northern hemisphere, Parastacidae occurs in the southern hemishephere. Extensive culture techniques are used in crayfish culture mostly and semi-intensive and intensive methods are also performed. Global crayfish production through culture has been increased when compared to previous years. However, in our country, crayfish production decreased dramatically from 5000 to 200 tons after 1985 because of overfishing, pollution and crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci). To refresh our country’s crayfish production potential, the present crayfish population need to be managed properly and determined the new crayfish species have high economic importance and reproductive traits to our country’s conditions. Therefore, cultured crayfish species were examined with respect to their production and adaptation characteristics.

Keywords:

Astacidae, crayfish, Turkey, Cambaridae, Parastacidae, fish farming,

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