AMERİKA’NIN SOĞUK SAVAŞ DÖNEMİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİ YOLUYLA KOMÜNİZMLE MÜCADELESİNDE; UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY ÖRNEĞİ

Amerika geleneksel diplomasi uygulamalarının dış siyasette başarısızlığını erken bir dönemde tecrübe etmiş ve bu nedenle uzun yıllardır yabancı halkları kamu diplomasisi yoluyla etkilemeye çalışmaktadır. Güvenlik endişelerinin arttığı dönemde kamu diplomasisi çalışmalarına önem veren Amerika, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Creel komitesini, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında OWI’yi kurmuştur. Ancak Sovyetlerin savaş sonrası önemli bir tehdit olarak ortaya çıkmasıyla dış siyasette kamu diplomasisi çabalarına hız kazandırmak için daha sofistike bir kuruma ihtiyaç duyan Amerikan Hükümeti United States Information Agency adında bir enformasyon ajansı kurmuştur. USIA dünyanın birçok bölgesinde ofisler açarak "kalp ve zihinlerin savaşını" kazanmak için eğitim, kültürel, medya ve bilgi alma-yayma misyonlarıyla donatılırken Amerikan kamu diplomasisi çabaları tek elden bağımsız bir şekilde yürütülmeye başlanmıştır. Ancak USIA’nın anti-komünist ideoloji çerçevesinde Sovyetlerin başarısızlıkları ve komünist sistemin zayıflıklarını ortaya çıkararak komünizmle mücadele etmesi ajansı bir propaganda kurumuna dönüştürmüştür. Bu çalışmada Soğuk Savaş sürecinde Amerika’nın USIA üzerinden kamu diplomasisi yoluyla komünizmle mücadelesi ele alınırken ajansın Amerikan dış politikasındaki yeri tartışılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

U.S Information Agency, Kamu Diplomasisi, Komünizm, Komünizmle Mücadele, USIA

America’s Struggle Against Communist Through Public Diplomacy in the Cold War Era; Example of United Sttes Information Agency

America experienced the failure of traditional diplomacy practices in foreign policy at an early stage, and for this reason, it has been trying to influence foreign peoples through public diplomacy for many years. America, which gave importance to public diplomacy studies at a time when security concerns increased, established the Creel committee during the First World War and the OWI during the Second World War. However, with the emergence of the Soviet Union as an important post-war threat, the American Government, which needed a more sophisticated institution to accelerate public diplomacy efforts in foreign policy, established an information agency called the United States Information Agency. While USIA was equipped with educational, cultural, media and information-dissemination missions to win the "war of hearts and minds" by opening offices in many parts of the world, American public diplomacy efforts began to be carried out independently from a single source. However, USIA's struggle against communism by revealing the failures of the Soviets and the weaknesses of the communist system within the framework of anti-communist ideology turned the agency into a propaganda institution. In this study, the place of the agency in American foreign policy is discussed while the struggle of the USA against communism through public diplomacy through USIA during the Cold War period is discussed.

Keywords:

U.S Information Agency, Public Diplomacy, Communism, Struggle with Communism, USIA.,

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