ADOLESAN BASKETBOLCULARDA BİYOLOJİK OLGUNLAŞMA DÜZEYİ VE ANTROPOMETRİK, FİZYOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERDE YAŞA BAĞLI FARKLILIKLAR

Bu çalışmanın amacı çocukluk ve adolesan dönemdeki 12-14 yaş arası basketbolcu gençlerin yaşa bağlı antropometrik, fizyolojik, biyolojik olgunlaşma karakteristiğini incelemek ve olası farkları belirlemektir. Araştırma iyi antrene olmuş 48 katılımcıyla gerçekleştirildi (U13, n=15; U14, n=15; U15, n=18). Katılımcıların antropometrik parametreleri (boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, deri kıvrım kalınlığı, vücut çevre ve ekstremite uzunlukları) ölçüldü ve 20 m sprint süresi, dikey sıçrama, durarak uzun atlama değerleri ve otur-eriş test sonuçları kaydedildi. Zirve boy hızı yaşı hesaplanarak biyolojik olgunlaşma düzeyleri tespit edildi. Fizyolojik, antropometrik ön ve son-test verileri, biyolojik olgunlaşma düzeyi gruplar arası yaşa bağlı olarak istatiksel bakımdan farklıydı (U15>U14>U13; p<0,05). Performans düzeyleri daha iyi olan sporcuların diğerlerinden daha uzun, daha fazla vücut ağırlığına sahip olduklarının yanı sıra kulaç, bacak ve kol uzunluklarının da daha fazla olduğu gözlemlendi. Antropometrik, fizyolojik parametrelerde grup içi ön ve son test verileri arasında ise istatistiki anlamlı fark tespit edildi (p<0,05); biyolojik olgunlaşma durumu ise homojendi (p>0,05). Esneklik dışında tüm değişkenler biyolojik olgunlaşma düzeyi ile korelasyona sahipti ve bu ilişki 20 m sprint hariç (ön test r=-0,36; son test r=-0,31) pozitifti (r=0,29-0,64). Daha yüksek biyolojik olgunlaşma düzeyine sahip olanların antropometrik verileri ve fizyolojik test sonuçları daha iyiydi. Sonuç olarak, genç basketbolcularda antropometrik ve fizyolojik farkların düzenli antrenmanın yanı sıra biyolojik olgunlaşma düzeyiyle ilişkili olabileceği; puberte dönemde kronolojik yaş ve biyolojik olgunlaşma düzeyine bağlı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametrelerin basketbolda başarı için önemli olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

basketbol, biyolojik olgunlaşma, büyüme, kronolojik yaş

MATURITY OFFSET IN ADOLESCENT BASKETBALL PLAYERS AND AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN ANTHROPOMETRIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The aim of this study was to investigate anthropometric, physiological and maturational characteristics in adolescent basketball players aged between 12-14, and to determine possible differences connected with their age. The research was conducted on well-trained 48 participants (U13, n=15; U14, n=15; U15, n=18). Anthropometric parameters of the participants (height, body weight, skin fold thickness, body circumference and extremity lengths) were measured and 20 m sprint, vertical jump, standing long jump values and sit and reach test results were recorded. Biological maturation offset was estimated using age at peak height velocity. Physiological, anthropometric pre- and post-test data, and the maturation offset were statistically different between groups in terms of age (U15>U14>U13; p<0.05). It was observed that athletes with better performance levels were taller and heavier with greater arm span and leg and arm length than others. There were statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-test outputs within groups in anthropometric and physiological parameters (p<0.05). Maturation offset values were homogeneous (p>0.05). All variables, except flexibility, were correlated with the maturation offset and this relationship was positive (r=0.29-0.64) except for 20 m sprint time (pre-test r=-0.36; post-test r=-0.31). Anthropometric values and physiological test results were better for those with higher levels of maturation offset. In conclusion, it can be said that anthropometric and physiological differences in young basketball players may be related to maturation as well as regular training and also around puberty, physical and physiological parameters associated with maturation offset and chronologic age are important for success in basketball.

Keywords:

basketball, chronological age, growth, maturation,

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