Sosyal Düzensizlik ve Toplum Destekli Güvenlik Politikaları

Modern toplumlarda kentleşmeyle beraber artan suçluluk ve suç oranları araştırmacıları suç ve sosyal çevre üzerinde çalışmaya itmiştir. Sosyal Düzensizlik Teorisi sosyal çevre ve suç arasındaki etkileşimi inceleyen en önemli teorilerden birisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Teori, suç ve suçluluğun oluşumu üzerinde suç işleyen bireylerin kişisel özelliklerinin yanı sıra bu bireyleri kuşatan sosyal çevrenin etkisine dikkat çekmektedir. Suç ekolojisi ve sosyal çevre konusunda daha önce yapılmış çalışmalar olmasına rağmen 20'nci yüzyılın başlarında Shaw ve McKay tarafından geliştirilen sosyal düzensizlik teorisinin birçok yönden modern kriminolojinin temellerini attığı kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada sosyal düzensizlik yaklaşımı kullanılarak ülkemizde nispeten yeni uygulanmaya başlayan toplum destekli güvenlik uygulamalarının temel varsayımları ve suç ve suçlulukla mücadeledeki rolü anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Suç, Suçluluk, Sosyal Düzensizlik, Sistemik Kontrol, Mahalle Kontrolü, Nicel Araştırma, Türkiye'de Suç.

Sosyal Düzensizlik ve Toplum Destekli Güvenlik Politikaları

Increased criminality and crime rates driven by urbanization in modern societies inspired many researchers to study criminality and social environment. Social disorganization theory has been accepted as one of the most important theories which analyzes the relationship between social environment and crime. The theory pays attention to the impact of an individual's social environment on crime and criminality without ignoring the impact of individual characteristics of the criminals. Although there were previous studies on the ecology of crime and social environment of criminality, Social Disorganization approach developed by Shaw and McKay at the beginning of the 20th Century has been accepted as one of the keystones of the modern criminology in many ways. In this study, social disorganization framework has been used to understand the underlying assumptions and role of community oriented security policies (which are relatively new in Turkey) in combating crime and criminality.

Keywords:

Crime, Criminality, Social Disorganization, Systemic Control, Neighborhood Control, Quantitative research, Crime in Turkey.,

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