Mesleklerinde Tanınmış Yüz Türk Kadınının Kişilik ve Liderlik Özellikleri

Bu çalışmanın üç ana amacı bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi; ülkemizde mesleklerinde tanınmış yüz Türk kadınının kişilik ve liderlik özelliklerini ve bu özellikleri etkileyen faktörleri belirleyerek, onların bulundukları konuma gelmelerinde bu özelliklerin ne ölçüde etkili olduğunu tespit edebilmek, ikinci olarak; bu özelliklerin bulunmasıyla, bir kişinin başarılı olmasında etken olan "başarılı olma faktörleri "nin neler olabileceğim açıklayabilmek; son olarak da "lider" ve "öncü" kavramları arasında bir bağlantı kurarak, "öncü" olarak tanımlanan kişilerin de "lider" olarak kabul edilebileceğini gösterebilmektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, ilk önce araştırma ile ilgili bilgiler sunulmuştur. Burada araştırmanın amacı, kapsamı, neden gerektiği ile metodolojisine yer verilmiştir. İkinci olarak, ülkemizde ve dünyada konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar, analiz sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu bölümde aynı zamanda ele alınan kadınların kişilik ve liderlik özelliklerine detaylı bir şekilde yer verilmiştir. Son olarak da, tüm bulgular bir arada ele alınarak analiz edilmiş ve "Neden bu kadınlar" sorusuna bütüncül bir bakış açısı ile bakılarak, "başarılı olma faktörleri "ni etkileyen kişilik ve liderlik özellikleri hakkında yararlı olacağı düşünülen bilgiler verilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türkiye

There are three basic objectives of that study. First one is; determining the particularities of leadership and personal particularities of a hundred Turkish Women that are famous in their professions and the factors that affect those particularities thendetermining how these factors were effective in their social situation in today's world. Second one is after determining these factors, to explain what these "factors of success" can be in a person's life. Finally, forming a link between the concepts of "leader" and "innovator" and then proving that the people who are called as "innovator" can be accepted as "leader". In Order to reach this aim, firstly the information of this study is presented. In this part, the scope and the goal of the research, the reason of its necessity and its methodology are stated. Secondly, the studies about this subject those are realized in our country and in the world are compared with the results of the analysis. In that part the particularities of leadership and personality of these 100 women are stated in details. Finally, all the findings are held together and analyze, then the necessary information about the particularities of leadership and personality that affect the factors of being successful is stated with a totalitarian perspective to the question of "who are these 100 women".
Keywords:

Turkey,

___

ALLPORT, G & Odbert (1981) "Language and Individual Differences: The Search for Universals in Personality Lexicons", Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Beverly Hills, CA:Sage, pp.141-165.

Ana Britanica Dictionary

BALES, R.F (1950) Interaction Process Analysis: A Method for the Study of Small Groups, Cambridge, Mass: Addison-Wesley.

BASS, Bernard (1981) Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership, New York: The Free Press.

BEDELAN, Arthur (1989) Organizational Behaviour, Orlando: The Dryden Press.

BENNIS, Warren & Robert TOWNSEND (1997) Reinventing Leadership, London:Judy Piatkus Ltd.

BENNIS, Warren (1989) Bir Lider Olabilmek, Istanbul:Sistem Yayıncılık A.Ş.

BENTZ, Jon (1990) " Contextual Issues in Predicting High-Level Leadership Performance", (der. A. CLARK), Measures of Leadership, New Jersey: West Orange Pub.

BERY, Liily (1998) Psychology at Work: An Introduction to Organizational Psychology, New York: McGraw Hill Co.

BIRCH, Paul (1999) Instant Leadership, UK: Kogan Page Limited.

BOND,M.H & H. NAKAZATO & D. SHIRAISHI (1975) " Universality and Distinctiveness in Dimensions of Japanese Person Perception", Journal of Cross-Culturel Psychology, (6), 3, pp.347-357.

BONS, Paul (1981) Leadership in Organizations, New York: USMA Press.

BORGATTA, E.F. (1964) "The Structure of Personality Characteristics", Behavioral Sciences, (12), 3, pp. 197-220.

CATELL, R. B. (1947) "Confirmation and Clarification of Primary Personality Factors", Pychometrika, (12), 3, pp.197-220.

CHURCH, Loretta (1986) "Relationships Between Manager's Personality Characteristics and Their Management Level", Akron Business and Economics Review, 17,4, pp.29-45.

CLEMMER, Jim & Art McNEIL (1989) Leadership Skills for Every Manager, Chatham, Kent: Great Britain by Mackays of Chatham PLC.

CLIFFORD, Morgan (1984) Introduction to Pcsychology (der. H. Arıç), Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.

CONSTANTINI, E & K.H. CRAIK (1980) " Personality and Politicians: California Party Leader, 1960-1976", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, pp.641-661.

COSTA, P.T & R.R. McCRAE & D.A. DYE (1991) "Facet Scales for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness; A Revison of the NEO Personality Inventory", Personality and Individual Differences, (12), 9, pp. 887-898.

COSTA, P.T & R.R. McCRAE (1995) "Domains and Facets: Hierachical Personality Assesment Using The Revised NEO Personality Inventory", Journal of Personality Assesment, 64,(1), pp.21-50.

CSOKA, Louis (1985) "Leadership and Organizations Outcomes", (der. H.Prince), Leadership in Organizations, New York: USMA Press.

CÜCELOĞLU, Doğan (1997) İnsan ve Davranışı, Psikolojisinin Temel Kavramları, İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.

DE ROAD, B & M. PERUGONI & M. HREBICKOVA & P. SZAROTA (1998) " Lingua Franca of Personality: Taxonomies and Structures Based on the Psycholexial Approach", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, pp.212-232.

DEARY, Ian (1993) "Personality Traits are Alive and Well", The Psychologist, Temmuz, pp. 299-311.

DIGMAN, J.M (1990) "Personality Structure: Emergence of The Five Model", Annual Review of Psychology, 41, pp. 417-440.

DODSON, Johnatan (1985) "Individual Needs, Expectations and Motivation", (der. H. Prince),^Leadership in Organizations, New York: USMA Press.

DOUVAN, E & J. ADELSON (1966) The Adolescent Experience, New York: Wiley Co.

DRUCKER, Peter (1994) Etkin Yöneticilik, İstanbul: Eti Kitapları.

DUBRIN, Andrew (1994) Applying Psychology: Individual and Organizational Effectiveness, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

ERDOĞAN, İlhan (1991) İşletmelerde Davranış, İstanbul: İ.Ü. İşletme Fakültesi Yayınları, No:242.

EREN, Erol (1984) Yönetim Psikolojisi, İstanbul: İ.Ü. İşletme Fakültesi Yayınları, No:209.

EROĞLU, Feyzullah (1996) Davranış Bilimleri, İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.

EYSEN, H.S & S.B.G. EYSENCK (1963) The Eysenck Personality Inventory, London: University of London Press.

FILLEY, A.C & R.J. HOUSE & S. KERR, S (1976) Managerial Process and Organizational Behaviour, Glenview, III, Scott: Foresman.

FORSBERG, Marcia (1993) "Childhood Affects Office Politics", Journal of Personnel, Ağustos, pp.29-32.

FORSYTHE, George (1985) "Individual Process and Development", (der. H.Prince). Leadership Organizations, New York: USMA Press.

GARDNER, Howard (1997) Leadings Minds, London: Harper Collins Publishers.

GINN, Charles (1990) " A Comparison of the Personality Type Dimensions of the Inc. 500 Company Founders/CEOs with Those of Slower-Growth Firms", Journal of Business Venturing, 5, pp.313-326.

GOLDBERG, L.R (1990) " An Alternative Description of Personality : The Big Five Factor Structure", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59 (6), pp.1216-1229.

GOLDBERG, L.R (1995) "What Hell Took So Long?", iç. Personality Resarch Methods and Theory, New Jersey : Shrout, P.E, S.T. Lawrance Earlbaum Associates, Inc.

GOLDSTEIN, Howard (1981) Social Learning and Change, New York: Tavistock Pub.

GOLDSTEIN, Howard (1981) Social Learning and Change, New York: Tavistock Pub.

GOLEMAN, Daniel (2002) "Lideri Lider Yapan Nedir?", Harvard Business Review, İstanbul: Türkiye Metal Sanayicileri Sendikası-MESS Yayınları No:377.

GORDON, Thomas (1997) Etkili Liderlik Eğitimi, İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.

GÜNEY, Salih (1997) Davranış Bilimleri, Ankara: Kara Harp Okulu Basımevi.

HENNING, Margaret & Ann JARDIM (1977) The Managerial Woman, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday.

HERBERT, C & Arthur SHERMAN (1980) Personnel Management, The Utilization of Human Resources, 6th. Ed", South-Western Pub.Co

HERGENHAHN, B.R & M.H. OLSON ( 1999) An Introduction to Theories of Personality - Fifth Edition, New Jersey: RR Donnelley &Sons Company.

HOFSTEE, W.K.B, B. De RAAD & L.R. GOLDBERG (1992) "Integration of the Bif-Five and Circumplax Approaches to Trait Structure", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (64), 5, pp.847-860.

HOGAN, Robert (1996) "What We Know About Leadership: Effectiveness and Personality", American Psychologist, Haziran, 49, pp.493-504.

HOUSE, Robert (1974) A Theory of Charismatic Leadership, Southern Illionis University Press.

HUGHES, Richard (1996) Lead'ership, Enchancing The lessons of Experience, New York: Donneley&Sons Co.

HUNTLEY,C.W & S.F. DAVIS (1983) "Undergraduate Study of Values Score as Predictors of Occupation Twenty-Five Years Later", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45:1148-1155.

JENNING, Reg (1994) Business Elites, London: Biddies Ltd.Pub.

JOHNSON, J.A & F. OSTENDORF (1993) "Clarification of the Five Factor Model with the Abridged Big Five Dimentional Circumplex", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (65), 3, pp.563-576.

KAĞITÇIBAŞI, Çiğdem (1996) İnsan ve İnsanlar, Yayın No:l, Psikoloji-Psikiyatri Dizi No:l, İstanbul: Evrim Basım.

KEÇEÇİOĞLU, Tamer (1998) Liderlik ve Liderler, KalDer Yayınları No:24, İstanbul: Mavi Tanıtım ve Pazarlama Ltd. Şti.

KENNY, David (1983) "An Estimate of Variance Due to Traits in Leadership", Journal of Applied Psychology, 68,4, pp.678-686.

KIERCH, R (1986) Machtbedürfnisse von Mannern und Frauen im Betrieb: Gibt es Unterschiede?, Zeitschrift Führung+Organisation, 6, pp.407-411.

KOÇEL, Tamer (2001) İşletme Yöneticiliği, Yönetim ve Organizasyon, Organizasyonlarda Davranış, Klasik-Modern-Çağdaş ve Güncel Yaklaşımlar, istanbul: Beta Basım A.Ş.

KOUZES, James (1991) The Leadership Challenge, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.

KÖKNEL, Özcan (1984) Kişilik, İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar Yayınevi.

LEIGH, Andrew & Michaei MAYNARD (1999) The Perfect Leader, South Africa,New Zeland: Random House Group Limited Reg.

LEVINSON, Daniel (1996) The Seasons of A Woman's Life, New York: Alfred A.Knopf.

LUTHANS, Fred (1995) Organizational Behaviour, New York: McGraw Hill Co.

MANN, Richard (1959) "A review öf Relationship Between Personality and Performance in Small Groups", Psychology Bulletin, Temmuz, pp.87.

McCRAE, R.R & P.T. COSTA (1987) "Validation of the Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Instruments and Observers", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (52), 2, pp.81-90.

McCRAE, R.R (1987) " Creativity, Divergent Thinking and Openness to Experience", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (52), 6, pp. 1258-1265.

McCRAE, R.R (1993) "Moderated Analyses of Longitudional Personality Stability", Journal of Personality and Socail Psychology, (65), 3, pp.577-585.

MIFFLIN, H (1974) The Personnel Management Process Third Edition-Human Resources Administration, 3rd.Edition, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

MOORHEAD, Eric (1989) Organizational Behaviour, Boston: Hough Mifflen Co.

NEUBEISER, Marie-Louise (1996) Liderlik ve Büyü, Istanbul: Evrim Yayınevi ve Tic. Ltd.Şti.

NORMAN, W.T (1963) "Towards and Aquate Taxonomy of Personality Attributes", Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, (66), 6, pp.574-583.

NORTCRAFT, Gregory (1994) Organizational Behaviour, Orlando: The Dryden Press.

ORGAN, D.W & W.C. HAMMER (1986) Organizational Behaviour, Piano, Texas: Business Publications.

PAUNONEN, S.V, D.G. JACKSON , F. FORSTERLİNG & J. TREZEBÎNSKÎ (1992) "Personality Structure Across Cultures: A Multimethod Evaluation", Journal of Personality and Social Pyschology, (62), 3, pp.447-456.

PEABODY, D & L.R. GOLDBERG (1989) "Some Determinants of Factor Structures from Personality Trait Decsripters", Journal of Personality and Socail Psychology, (57), 3, pp.552-567.

PIEDMONT, R.L, J:H. CHAE (1997) "Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Five-Factor Model of Personality", Journal of Cross-Cultural Pyschology, (28), 2, pp.131-155.

RAVEN, B & J. RUBIN (1983) Social Psychology, Singapore: John Wiley&Sons Co.

ROBBINS, Stephen (1986) Organizational Behaviour, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

SİEGEL, M.R (1991), "Frauen und Manner im Unternehmen-Zusammen öder Miteinander?", Ackermann, K.F/Scholz, H (Yay .Haz). Personalmanagement für die 90'er Jahre, Stutgart: 137-144.

SOMER, O (1998) "Beş faktör Modeli", Türk Psikoloji Derneği, l (2), pp.35-62.

SPRANGER, E (1960) Type of Men: The Psychology and Ethics Personality ( 5th. Ed), Halle: Niemeyer.

STOGDILL, Ralph (1981) Handbook of Leadership, New York: Coliar McMillan Ltd.

SYRETT, Michel (1993) Frontiers of Leadership, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

TAFFINDER, Paul (2000) The Leadership Crash Course, UK: Kogan Page Limited.

TEKARSLAN, Erdal (1996) İşletmeler İçin Davranış Bilimleri, İstanbul: Avcıol Basım ve Yayım.

THOMS, Peg (1996) "The Relations Between Self-Efficacy for Participating in Self-Managed Work Groups and The Big Five Personality Dimensions", Journal of Organziations Behaviour, 17, pp.349-362.

Today's Chicago Woman, (1997) " 100 Women Making A Difference",July, pp.20-35.

TRAPNELL, P.D & J.s! WIGGINS (1990) "Extension of the Interpersonel Adjective Scales to Include the Big Five Dimentions of Personality", Journal of Personality and Socail Pschology, (59), 4, pp.781-790.

VECCHİQ, Robert (1995) Organizational Behaviour, Forth Worth: The Dryden Press.

WRIGHT, Peter (1996) Managerial Leadership, Kent: Mackays of ChathanPub

YULK, Gary (1989) Leadership in Organization, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.

ZACCORO,Stephen (1991) "Self-Monitoring and Trait-Based Variance in Leadership: An Investigation of Leader Flexibility Across Multiple Group Situation", Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, pp.308-315.

ZALEZNIK, Abraham (1992) "Manager and Leaders; are they different?", Harvard Business Review, Mart-Nisan, pp.126-132.

ZEL, Uğur (2001) Kişilik ve Liderlik, Ankara: Seçkin Kitapevi.