Fazla Çalışmanın İşyükü ve İşgücü Belirleyicileri(Bir Şirketin Veri Seti Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma)

Uluslararası Çalışma Teşkilatı, fazla çalışmayı normal yasal çalışmayı aşan çalışma süreleri olarak tanımlamaktadır. Fazla çalışma insan kaynağından daha fazla yararlanarak üretimi artırmanın alternatif bir yönetimidir. Fazla çalışmayı etkileyen değişkenler birçok araştırmaya konu olmuştur. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Tekirdağ’da faaliyet gösteren bir alüminyum üretim şirketinin verilerini kullanarak fazla çalışmanın belirleyicilerini analiz etmektir. Araştırmada aylık fazla çalışma, üretim hacmi, yıllık ücretli izin, devamsızlık ve diğer ücretli izin (doğum, evlilik ve ölüm izni gibi) verileri kullanılmıştır. Ocak 2012- Aralık 2016 dönemini kapsayan veriler, 4 üretim biriminde yer alan 10 operasyonel takıma ilişkin örneklemi içermektedir. Bağımlı değişken fazla çalışma süreleridir. Bağımsız değişkenler ise, üretim hacmi, birim, yıllık ücretli izinler, hastalık devamsızlığı ve diğer ücretli izinlerden oluşmaktadır. Üretim hacmi ton, diğer veriler ise, saat birimiyle ölçülmüştür. Araştırmada, Kruskal Wallis-H, Spearman korelasyon ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Tüm örneklem grubu için hiyerarşik regresyon analizleri, işle ilgili değişkenlerin fazla çalışmadaki değişimi en yüksek oranda açıklayan değişken grubu olduğunu göstermektedir. Üretim hacmi ve üretim birimi değişkenleri, varyasyondaki değişimi %45,6 oranında açıklayabilmektedir. Çalışanlarla ilgili faktörlerin (yıllık ücretli izin, hastalık devamsızlığı ve diğer ücretli devamsızlıkların) fazla çalışma saatindeki değişime katkısı %8,1 düzeyinde kalmaktadır. Tüm değişkenler bir arada, fazla çalışmadaki değişimi %53,6 oranında açıklayabilmektedir. Ayrıca yıllık ücretli izin, işleme birimi alt örnekleminde negatif bir açıklayıcı değişken olarak saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çalışılan fazla mesai saatleri, İş yükü faktörleri, Çalışan faktörleri

Workload and Labor Predictors of Overtime Hours(An Empirical Study on Dataset)

According to Turkish Labor Code 4857, overtime is extra working hours that exceed 45 hours per week. It is a method of increasing production through a greater usage of human capital (Jirjahn, 2008). However, excessive work hours may negatively affect workers’ physical and mental wellbeing. Consequently, the International Labor Organization and European Union place restrictions on working hours.This paper seeks to find the workload and labor predictors of the hours from overtime using data from an aluminum company, Tekirdag. The sample period covers team-level data from January 2012 to December 2016. The study included company data on ten production teams working in four units: preparation (casting and molding teams), processing (powder coating, extrusion, and anodizing teams), finishing (wood effect coating, thermal break, and machining teams), and distribution (packaging and shipping teams). The data originate from the departments of production planning and of personnel. The hierarchical regression model of all the samples demonstrated that the volume of production as workload factor was the main determinant of overtime work hours, accounting for 45.6%. Additionally, employee factors such as the hours of sick leave, annual paid leave, and other leaves were found as predictors of overtime hours worked. All these variables explained 53.6% of the variance in the dependent variable. Secondly, the analysis of the sub-groups suggested that workload volume was a significant determinant of overtime hours worked for the processing, finishing, and distribution teams.

Keywords:

Overtime hours worked, Workload factors, Employee factors,

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