Medyada Metaforik Temsil: Göçmenler Üzerine Bir Çalışma

2011 yılında başlayan iç savaş nedeniyle Suriye’den Türkiye’ye başlayan göç 2022 yılı itibariyle artarak devam etmektedir. Göçmen sayısının artışı 2022 yılı itibariyle siyasi ve toplumsal tabandaki tartışmaları yoğunlaştırmıştır. Bu araştırma, 1 Ocak 2022 – 31 Ağustos 2022 tarihleri arasında, yüksek tiraja sahip Yeni Şafak ve Cumhuriyet gazetelerindeki haberlerde göçmenlerin metaforik açıdan nasıl temsil edildiğine ilişkin nitel bir incelemeyi içermektedir. Temel amaç, göçmen meselesini medyada yer alan metaforik söylemler üzerinden analiz etmektir. Bu anlamda, önceki çalışmalar rehber alınarak konuyla ilgili 6 metaforik tema keşfedilmiş, bu tema ve söylemlere uygun olarak 48 haber araştırmaya konu edilmiştir. Haberlere ulaşmak için gazetelerin internet arşivlerinde “göçmen”, “mülteci”, “sığınmacı” anahtar kelimeleri aratılmıştır. Haberler, eleştirel söylem analizi içerisinde kullanılan eleştirel metafor analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular, haberlerde kullanılan göçmenlere ilişkin metaforların genellikle olumsuz olduğunu ve ev sahibi ülkeyi yücelten bir anlam inşa ettiğini göstermektedir. Ele alınan haberler göçmenleri özne olmaktan ziyade insan dışı bir meta olarak konumlandırmaktadır. Dost ve düşmanlık anlayışları üzerinden, biz öteki ayrımı yapıldığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, mülteciler ev sahibi ülkeler için bir tehlike olarak yorumlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

metafor, medya söylem, eleştirel söylem analizi, göçmenler, meşrulaştırma

Metaphoric Representation in the Media: A Study on Immigrants

Due to the civil war that started in 2011, the migration from Syria to Turkey continues to increase as of 2022. The increase in the number of migrants has intensified the discussions at the political and social base by 2022. This research includes a qualitative examination of how migrants were metaphorically represented in the news in the high-circulation newspapers Yeni Şafak and Cumhuriyet between 1 January 2022 and 31 August 2022. The main purpose is to analyze the migration issue through the metaphorical discourses in the media. In this sense, 6 metaphorical themes related to the subject were discovered by taking the previous studies as a guide, and 48 news stories were researched in accordance with these themes and discourses. In order to reach the news, the keywords "migrant", "refugee" and "asylum seeker" were searched in the internet archives of the newspapers. The news was analyzed by critical metaphor analysis used in critical discourse analysis. The findings suggest that the metaphors for immigrants used in the news are often negative and construct a meaning that glorifies the host country. The reports discussed position immigrants as a non-human commodity rather than a subject. Through their understanding of friend and enmity, it has been seen that a distinction is made between us and the other. As a result, refugees are interpreted as a danger to host countries.

Keywords:

metaphor, media discourse, critical discourse analysis, immigrants, legitimization metafor, medya söylem, eleştirel söylem analizi, göçmenler, meşrulaştırma,

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