Ude Callistus N, Onukwuli Dominic O., Onwudiro Justina I., Emembolu Lovet N.

PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FROM NON-EDIBLE NIGERIAN JATROPHA CURCAS OIL: EFFECTS OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND KINETICS OF REACTION

Transesterification of Jatropha seed oil was carried out on its refined oil extracted by cold method. The physicochemical analysis of the oil and biodiesel produced were carried out using American Oil Chemists Society Methods and the fatty acid composition was done with gas chromatography. The parameters investigated during transesterification were the reaction time, catalysts concentration, methanol/oil molar ratio, and reaction temperature. The high acid value, iodine value and saponification value of the oil enabled it to undergo treatment before transesterification. The major fatty acid in Jatropha curcas seed oil were oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and the stearic acid. Transesterification of the refined Jatropha seed oil using homogeneous catalysts reduced the viscosity from 8 to 3.4mm2/s. This achievement paved way to use the produced biofuel as diesel engine fuel without any engine modifications. The heating value of the biodiesel will produce high brake power that can give a reasonable thermal efficiency for a diesel engine. Increase in process parameters increased the yield of methyl ester to a certain point before it decreased and the highest yield obtained is 90%. In the kinetics models studied, rate constant was observed to vary with temperature for both pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetic models considered. The general constant and activation energy for first order and second order kinetics determined were (2.31min-1; 12620.65J/mol), and (2.22min-1; 1.435 J/mol). The coefficient of determination, R2 values were employed to determine the suitable reaction order for the reaction and the highest R2 value of 0.941 was obtained for first order order. The most appropriate reaction order is 1 with respect to JCT. The rate equation for first order kinetic model is –rjCT = 2.31 CjCToexp[-1516/(T)](1 – XjCT). The result shows the potential of producing biodiesel from non edible seed, Jatropha without creating competition in food sector.

Keywords:

Biodiesel jatropha curcas, transesterification, KOH, kinetic model,

PDF

___

[1] Demirbas, A. 2008. Biodiesel: a realistic fuel alternative for diesel engines. Springer Verlag.
[2] Gerhard Knothe, Jon Van Gerpen, Jürgen Krahl, 2005. The Biodiesel Handbook, by AOCS Press.
[3] Tapanes, N.O., et al., 2008. Transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil glycerides: theoretical and experimental studies of biodiesel reaction. Fuel, 87, 2286–2295.
[4] Openshaw, K., 2000. A review of Jatropha curcas: an oil plant of unfulfilled promise. Biomass & Bioenergy, 19, 1–15.
[5] Rashid, U., et al., 2011. Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) seed oil: a potential non-food oil source for biodiesel production. Energy, 36 (9), 5632–5639.
[6] Demirbas, A., 2009. Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels. Energy Conversion and Management 50, 14-34.
[7] Leng, T.Y.; Mohamed, A. R. And Bhatia, S., 1999. Catalytic conversion of palm oil to fuels and chemicals. Canad. J. Chem. Eng. 77, 156.
[8] Li, H.; Shen, B.; Jabalu, J. C. And Nchare, M., 2009. Enhancing the production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil by fixed-fluidized bed catalytic cracking Renewable Energy, 34, 1033-1039.
[9] Aderemi, B.O., Hameed, B. H., 2010. Production of biodiesel from palm oil. Nigeria Society of Chemical Engineers Proceedings, 40, 135-143.
[10] Younis, M. N., Saeed, M. S., Khan, S., Furqan, M. U., Khan, R. U., Saleem, M., 2009. Production and characterization of biodiesel, from waste and vegetable oils. Journal of Quality and Technology Management, 5(1), 111-121.
[11] Attanatho, L., Magmee, S., Jenvanitpanjakul, P., 2004. Factors affecting the synthesis of biodiesel from crude palm kernel oil. Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE), 1-3 December, 2004. Hua Hin, Thailand; 359-361.
[12] Kusdiana, D. and Saka, S., 2001. Kinetics of transesterification in rapeseed oil to biodiesel fuel as treated in supercritical methanol. Fuel, 80, 693–698.
[13] Komers, K., et al., 2002. Kinetics and mechanism of the KOH-catalyzed methanolysis of rapeseed oil for biodiesel production. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 104 (11), 728–737.
[14] Tanguy, F.D., Marie-Françoise, R., and Guy, B.M., 2006. Kinetics of heterogeneously MgO-catalyzed transesterification. Applied Catalyst B: Environmental, 61, 35–45.
[15] Vicente, G., Martinez, M., and Aracil, J., 2006. Kinetics of Brassica carinata oil methanolysis. Energy and Fuel, 20 (4), 1722–1726.
[16] Baig, A. and Ng, F.T.T., 2010. A single-step solid acid-catalyzed process for the production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid feedstocks. Energy Fuels, 24, 4712–4720.
[17] Freedman, B., Butterfield, R.O., and Pryde, E.H., 1986. Transesterification kinetics of soybean oil. Journal of American Oil Chemists Society, 63 (10), 1375–1380.
[18] Bikou E, Louloudi A, Papayannakos N. The effect of water on the transesterification kinetics of cotton seed oil with ethanol. Chem Eng Technol 1999;22:70–5.
[19] Lu H, Liu Y, Zhou H, Yang Y, Chen M, Liang B. Production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. oil. Comput Chem Eng 2009;33:1091–6.
[20] Darnoko, D. and Cheryan, M., 2000. Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor. Journal of American Oil Chemists Society, 77 (12), 1263–1267.
[21] Noureddini, H. and Zhu, D., 1997. Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil. Journal of American Oil Chemists Society, 74 (11), 1457–1463.
[22] American Oil Chemists Society methods (AOCS, 1996).
[23] Mittelbach, M., 1990. Lipase Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Sunflower oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemist’ Society, 67 (3), 168-170.
[24] Van Gerpen, J., Shanks, B., Pruszko, R., Clements, D., Knothe, G., 2004. Biodiesel Production Technology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393.
[25] Knothe, G., 2002. Structure indices in FA chemistry. How relevant is the iodine value? J. Am.
[26] Gunstone, F.D., 2004. Rapeseed And Canola Oil: Production,Processing, properties and uses. London: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
[27] Eromosele, I.C., Eromosele, C.O., Innazo, P., Njerim, P., 1997. Short communication: studies on some seeds and seed oils. Bioresources. Technol. 64: 245–247.
[28] Goodrum, J.W., 2002. Volatility and Boiling points of biodiesel from Vegetable oils sand Tallow. Biomass Bioenergy 22: 205–211.
[29] Nourredini, H., Teoh, B.C., Clements, L.D., 1992. Viscosities of Vegetable oils and Fatty acids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69:1184-1188.
[30] Pramanik, K. 2003. Properties and use of Jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends in Compression ignition engine. Renewable Energy 28: 239-248.
[31] Mittelbach, M., Remschmidt, C., 2004. Biodiesel: The Comprehensive Handbook. Boersedruck.
[32] Ramos, M.J., Fernández, C.M., Casas Abraham, Rodríguez Lourdes Pérez Ángel, 2008. Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties. Bioresource Technology doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.039.

Sigma Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1304-7191
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Yayıncı: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi

Arşiv