Cevat AYDIN, Mustafa PAKSOY, Ayşe ÖZER, Özlem ŞEN

Some physical properties and nutritional compositions of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) seeds

In this study, nutrient contents for human diet and some physical properties that are important for the design of equipments for sowing, harvesting, processing, transportation, sorting, separation and packaging of cowpea cv. Poyraz grown in Turkey were determined. The physical properties were evaluated as functions of moisture content in the moisture range from 13 to 35% d.b. for the rewetted cowpea seed. As a result, the average length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity, unit mass and volume were 8.9, 6.2, 5.1, 6.61 mm, 73.9%, 0.27 g and 0.18 cm3, respectively. The bulk density decreased from 727.2 to 678.8 kg/m3, true density decreased from 1428.5 to 1000 kg/m3, porosity decreased from 48.8 to 32.1%, projected area increased from 0.5 to 0.73 cm2, terminal velocity increased from 7.2 to 8.5 m/s, one thousand seed mass increased from 230.7 g. to 327.4 g, the rupture strength of cowpea seed decreased from 88.2 to 37.6 N, the sphericity of cowpea seed decreased from 73.9 to 71.5% while the moisture content of cowpea seed increased from 13 to 35% d.b.. Mineral contents of cowpea seeds including K, P, Ca, Na, Zn and Fe were determined 1.09%, 0.2%, 5.8%, 0.03%, 30ppm, 63ppm, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

fiziksel özellikler, börülce, kimyasal bileşim, tohum, kalınlık, Vigna unguiculata, mineral madde içeriği, nem içeriği

Börülce tohumlarının bazı fiziksel özellikleri ve besinsel bileşimleri

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yetiştirilen Poyraz börülce çeşidinin ekim, hasat, işleme, taşımacılık, ayıklama, ayırma paketleme gibi işlemlerin yapılması için gerekli olan aletlerin projelendirilmesinde önemli olan bazı fiziksel özelliklerve insan beslenmesinde önemli olan besin maddesi içerikleri tespit edilmiştir. Börülce tohumlarının söz konusu fiziksel özellikleri %13 ile %35 arasında değişen değerlerde nemlendirilerek, bu aralıktaki nem değerlerinin fonksiyonlarına göre değişimleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda uzunluk, genişlik, kalınlık ortalaması, geometrik ortalama, küresellik, kütle ve hacim sırasıyla 8.9, 6.2, 5.1, 6.61mm, %73, 0.27g ve 0.18cm3 bulunmuştur. Börülce tohumlarının nem değerleri %13 den %35 e yükselirken, yığın yoğunluğu değerleri 727.2 kg/m3‘den 678.8 kg/m3‘e, dane yoğunluğu 1428.5’den 1000 kg/m3‘e, porozite %48.8’den %32.1’e ve küresellik ise %73.9’dan %71.5’e, kırılma indeksi 88.2 N’dan 37.6 N’a düşmüştür. Bunun yanında izdüşüm alanı 0.5 cm2’den 0.73 cm2’ye, terminal hız 7.2 m/s’den 8.5 m/s’ye, bin dane ağırlığı 230.7 g’dan 327.4g’a, artmıştır. Yapılan araştırmada kullanılan börülce tohumlarının K, P, Ca, Na, Zn ve Fe gibi, bazı mineral madde içerikleri sırasıyla %1.09, %0.2, %5.8, %0.3, 30ppm ve 63ppm bulunmuştur.

Keywords:

physical properties, cowpeas, chemical composition, seeds, thickness, Vigna unguiculata, mineral content, moisture content,

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