Kant’ta Kendilik ve Zaman Arasındaki İlişkinin Açımlanması

Kant’ın Saf Aklın Eleştirisi’nde, kendilik ve zaman üç farklı seviyede birbirleriyle iç içedir. Bu durumu açık kılmak için, bu makalede, erken modern dönem düşünürlerin kendilik ve zamana ilişkin fikirlerine, Kant’ın yönelttiği eleştirileri ele alıyoruz. Söz konusu üç seviyede, kendiliğin üç farklı yönü, zamanın üç yönüne denk düşer. İlk seviyede, kendilik iç duyu (görünüş) ve zaman ise bu duyunun formu olarak ortaya çıkar. O halde, kendiliğin ilk yönü, kendinde olduğu haliyle değil, ancak bize görünen haliyle bilinebilir. Daha sonra, imgelem sayesinde, kendiliğin ikinci yönü zamansal kendilik olarak ortaya çıkarken; zaman, biçimsel görü olarak ortaya koyulur. Bu seviyede, kendilik, zamansal yönünün bilincine varmaya başlar. Son olarak, üçüncü seviyede, kendiliğin aşkınsal birliği (tamalgı) ve zamanın birliği arasındaki ilişki açık bir hale gelir. Kendilik ve zamanın birbirine karşılık gelen üç yönünü çözümleme sürecinde, bu makalenin amaçladığı şey, Kant’ın kendilik anlayışının zamansal özelliğini gösterirken bir yandan da zamanın öznel oluşunu aydınlatabilmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kendilik, zaman, iç duyu, imgelem, tamalgı

Unfolding the Connection between the Kantian Self and Time

In Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, the self and time are interwoven on three different levels. To unveil this relation, this paper refers back to Kant’s criticism directed to the ideas of early modern philosophers concerning the two notions in question. On the three levels, three different conceptions of the self correspond to three aspects of time. In the first aspect we encounter the self as inner sense (appearance) and time reveals itself as the form of this sense. The first aspect of the self thus cannot be known as it is in itself; on the contrary, it can be known only as an appearance. Later, in virtue of the act of imagination, while the second aspect of the self is unfolded as a temporal self, time comes forth as formal intuition. In this level, the self starts to become conscious of its temporal character. Finally, in the third aspect, the relation between the transcendental unity of the self (apperception) and the unity of time becomes transparent. In the course of analyzing the three corresponding aspects of the self and time, this paper aims to reveal both the temporal character of the Kantian self and the subjective character of time.

Keywords:

Self, time, inner sense, imagination, apperception,

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