DENTAL KAYGI VE AĞRI YÖNETİMİNDE NONFARMAKOLOJİK BİR YÖNTEM; AROMATERAPİ: DERLEME

Aromaterapi, bitkilerden elde edilen esansiyel yağların kimyasal içeriklerine bağlı olarak değişen terapötik özelliklerine göre, fiziksel ve psikolojik olarak iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanılmasıdır. Uzun bir tarihsel geçmişe sahip olan ve günümüzde tamamlayıcı alternatif tıp tedavilerinden biri olarak kullanılan aromaterapinin uygulaması kolaydır, maaliyeti düşüktür ve yan etkisi yok denecek kadar azdır. Aromaterapi oral absorbsiyon, masaj ve inhalasyon yoluyla uygulanabilir. Uçucu yağlar inhale edildiklerinde burundaki reseptörler kokuları elektriksel impulslara çevirerek elektrokimyasal mesajları oluştururlar. Bu mesajlar olfaktör yol ile limbik sisteme iletilir, hipotalamus aracılığıyla koku alma sisteminden beyne sinyaller gönderilmesiyle seratonin ve dopamin gibi nörotransmitterler salgılanmasını gerçekleştirirler. Bunun sonucunda depresyon ve anksiyeteyi düzenleyerek analjezik ve anksiyolitik etki gösterirler. Aromaterapinin anksiyolitik ve analjezik etkisinden faydalanmak amacıyla tıp ve diş hekimliği alanında kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Onkoloji tedavisi gören ve opere edilen hastaların anksiyete ve ağrı yönetiminde sıklıkla tamamlayıcı ve alternatif bir yöntem olarak tercih edilen aromaterapinin diş hekimliğinde tedavilerin karşısındaki en büyük küresel engellerden biri olan dental kaygının yönetiminde kullanımı son yıllarda artmıştır. Dental kaygı diş tedavileri konusunda anormal bir korku veya endişe olarak tanımlanmıştır ve çocuk hastalarda görülme sıklığı % 5-20 arasında değişmektedir. Günümüze dek yapılan çalışmalarla dental kaygıyı yönetmek amacıyla farmakolojik ve nonfarmakolojik çeşitli davranış yönlendirme teknikleri literatüre kazandırılmıştır. Dental kaygının yönetimindeki nonfarmakolojik güncel yaklaşımlardan biri olan aromaterapi kaygılı hastalarda ağrı duyarlılığı daha fazla gözlendiği için ağrı kontrolünde de kullanılabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

aromaterapi, uçucu yağlar, dental kaygı

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