Meme Kanserinin Etiyolojisinde Çevresel Karsinojenlerin Rolü

Meme kanseri, dünya genelinde kadınlarda en sık görülen kanser türüdür. Günümüzde, meme kanserinin hangi nedenlere bağlı olarak ortaya çıktığı tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte, bazı risk faktörlerinin meme kanseri gelişiminde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu risk faktörleri; demografik özellikler, reproduktif öykü, genetik faktörler, çevresel faktörler ve yaşam stilidir. Literatürde, reproduktif öykü ve kalıtım gibi risk faktörlerinin meme kanseri vakalarının yaklaşık % 25-47'sini açıklayabildiği ve genetik faktörlerin tek başına meme kanseri vakalarının sadece % 5-10'unu açıklayabildiği bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca, kanserli ikizler ve aileler üzerinde yapılmış bazı çalışmalar, meme kanseri vakalarının % 60'dan fazlasının çevresel nedenli olduğunu göstermiştir. Bunların dışında, dünyada belirgin bir coğrafi varyasyon gösteren meme kanserinin insidansının; gelişmiş ülkelerde, az gelişmiş ülkelere göre daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmektedir. Bütün bu sonuçlar, meme kanserinin etiyolojisinde özellikle çevresel faktörlerin oynadığı rol üzerine odaklanılmasına neden olmuştur. Çevresel karsinojenler olan bazı kimyasalların, radyasyonun, elektromanyetik alanların, toplumda sık görülen bazı viral enfeksiyonların ve sigaranın; meme kanserinin etiyolojisinde rol oynadığı ileri sürülmektedir. Buradan yola çıkarak; bu derlemede, epidemiyolojik ve toksikolojik çalışmalarla meme kanseri oluşumunda rol oynadığı tespit edilmiş çevresel karsinojenler hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Meme kanseri, etiyoloji, çevresel karsinojenler

Role Of Environmental Carcinogens in The Etiology Of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is most frequent cancer type on women which as been seen at worldwide. These days without knowing the reasons which causes the breast cancer properly, some rsik factors has been identified that affects breast cancer progress. These risk factors are; demographic properties, reproductive history, genetic factors, environmental factors and life style. In literature, risk factors like reproductive history and heredity clarify around % 25-47 of breast cancer occurrences and by its own genetic factors clarifies only % 5-10 of breast cancer occurrences. Also experiments on twin and families who is suffering from cancer showed over % 60 of breast cancer occurences caused by environmental factors. Other than these, breast cancer incidences have distinctive geographical variation over the world; developed countries have a higher value of breast cancer than less developed countries. All these results, caused people to focus on specially the role of environmental factors in breast cancer etiology. Environmental carcinogens like chemicals, radiations, electromagnetic fields, some of the most common viral infections and cigarettes have a role at breast cancer etiology. Considering all these, in this summary, evaluation of environmental carcinogens, whose role on breast cancer is proved using epidemiologic and toxicological research is aimed based on data found through literatüre rewiev.

Keywords:

Breast cancer, etiology, environmental carcinogens,

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