MİDE-BAĞIRSAK NEMATODLARIYLA (TRİCHOSTRONGYLİDAE) DOĞAL ENFEKTE KOYUNLARDA RİCOBENDAZOL’ÜN (RİCOBEN, ALKE) TEDAVİ ETKİNLİĞİ

Bu çalışma, Nevşehir yöresinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan doğal enfekte koyunlarda ricobendazol (Ricoben, Alke)’ün mide-bağırsak nematodlarına karşı tedavi etkinliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, Şubat-Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında Nevşehir yöresinde bir koyunculuk işletmesinde mide-bağırsak nematodları yönünden enfekte olan koyunlardan 50’si gram dışkıdaki yumurta sayısı (EPG) dikkate alınarak seçilmiştir. Koyunlar ilaç grubunda 40, kontrol grubunda ise 10 olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrılmış ve ilaç uygulamasından önce dışkı örnekleri alınmıştır. İlaç grubuna üreticinin önerileri doğrultusunda 3,75mg/kg CA dozda ricobendazol (Ricoben, Alke) enjektable olarak uygulanırken, kontrol grubuna herhangi bir uygulama yapılmamıştır. İlaç uygulaması sonrası 0., 7. ve 14. günlerde her gruptan dışkı örnekleri toplanmış ve mide-bağırsak nematodlarının EPG değerleri belirlenmiştir. Gruplar arasında 0. gün için EPG değerleri arasında farklılık bulunmazken (p>0,05), gruplar arasında ricobendazol (Ricoben, Alke) uygulamasının 7. günde %99,2 etkinlik gösterdiği ve bu etkinliğin 14. günde %100’e ulaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ile doğal enfekte koyunlarda mide-barsak nematodlarına karşı ricobendazol’ün tedavi etkinliğinin oldukça yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

This study was carried out to determine the treatment efficacy of ricobendazole (Ricoben, Alke) against gastrointestinal nematodes infection in naturally infective sheep in Nevsehir region. For this aim, fifty sheep which were selected according to nematode egg per gram feces (EPG) infective with gastrointestinal nematodes determined an enterprise located Nevsehir region between February and March 2018. The sheep were divided into two groups as 40 in the drug group and 10 in the control group and fecal samples were collected from each group before drug application. While drug group was injected with 3.75 mg/kg dose of ricobendazole (Ricoben, Alke) according to the manufacturer's recommendations, no drug was given to the control group. Fecal samples were collected on the 0th, 7th and 14th days after drug application and the EPG values were calculated. While there was no difference between the groups in EPG values at day 0 (p> 0.05), ricobendazole (Ricoben, Alke) application was found to be 99.2% on day 7 and this efficacy was 100% on 14th day. As a result, it was determined that the treatment efficacy of ricobendazole against gastrointestinal nematode infection was very high in naturally infected sheep.

___

  • 1. Soulsby EJL. Helminths, Artropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. Seventh Edition London: Bailliere Tindal, 1982: 212-231. 2. Öge S, Ayaz E, Gıcık Y. Netobimin ve Moxidectin’in doğal enfekte koyunlarda mide bağırsak nematodlarına etkisi. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg 1996; 2: 199-203. 3. Molento MB. Parasite control in the age of drug resistance and changing agricultural practices. Vet Parasitol 2009;163:229-234. 4. Hutchinson W.G. Nematode parasites of small ruminants, camelids and cattle diagnosis with emphasis on anthelmintic efficacy and resistance testing formerly at Elizabeth Mcarthur agricultural Institute, New SouthWales, department of primary Industries 2009; p:3. 5. Burgu A, Güçlü F. Evcil ruminantlarda Anoplocephalose. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg 1990;6:131-146. 6. Charlier J, Höglund J, Dorny P, et al. Gastrointestinal nematode infections in adult dairy cattle: impact on production, diagnosis and control. Vet Parasitol 2009; 164:70-79. 7. Badran I, Abuamsha R, Aref R, et al. Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants under two different rearing systems in Jenin district of Palestine. J Nat Sci 2012; 26:1-18. 8. Mohammed K, Abba Y, Ramli N.S.B. The use of FAMACHA in estimation of gastrointestinal nematodes and total worm burden in Damara and Barbados Blackbelly cross sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016;48:1013-1020. 9. Doğanay A, Öge S. Türkiye’de koyun ve keçilerde görülen helmintler. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg 1997; 3:97-114. 10. Yıldırım A, İça A, Düzlü Ö ve ark. Gebelik döneminde mide-bağırsak nematodları ile doğal enfekte koyunlarda parazit yükünün takibi. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2007; 4: 73-77. 11. Yıldız K, Aydenizöz M. Kırıkkale yöresi koyunlarında helmintlerin yayılışı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2001;48:179-182. 12. Değer S, Biçek K. Van ve yöresinde koyunlarda endoparaziter fauna tespiti ve paraziter invazyonların kontrolü üzerine öneriler. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg 2005; 16:51-54. 13. Kırcalı Sevimli F, Kozan E, Köse M, et al. Afyonkarahisar il merkezinde yetiştirilen sığırların mide bağırsak nematodları ve mevsimsel dağılımları. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2007; 31:51-56. 14. Önder Z, Yıldırım A, İnci A, et al. Molecular prevalence, phylogenetic characterization and benzimidazole resistance of Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2016; 22:93- 99. 15. Maingi N, Bjørn H, Thamsborg SM, et al. A questionnaire survey of nematode parasite control practices on goat farms in Denmark. Vet Parasitol 1996; 66:25-37. 16. Hoste H, Sotiraki S, de Jesús Torres-Acosta JF. Control of endoparasitic nematode infections in goats. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2011; 27:163-173. 17. Kaplan RM. Drug resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance: a status report. Trends Parasitol 2004; 20: 477-481. 18. Jackson F, Jackson E, Coop RL. Evidence of multiple anthelmintic resistance in a strain of Teladorsagia circumcincta (Ostertagia circumcincta) isolated from goats in Scotland. Res Vet Sci 1992; 53:371-374. 19. Hong C, Hunt KR, Coles GC. Occurrence of anthelmintic resistant nematodes on sheep farms in England and goat farms in England and Wales. Vet Rec 1996;139: 83-86. 20. Borgsteede FH, Pekelder JJ, Dercksen DP. Anthelmintic resistant nematodes in goats in The Netherlands. Vet Parasitol 1996;65:83-87. 21. Requejo-Fernández JA, Martínez A, Meana A, et al. Anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites from goats in Spain. Vet Parasitol 1997; 73: 83-88. 22. Bauer C. Multispecific resistance of trichostrongyles to benzimidazoles in a goat herd in Germany. Dtsch Tierarztl 2001;108:49-50. 23. Schnyder M, Torgerson PR, Schönmann M, et al. Multiple anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus isolated from South African Boer goats in Switzerland. Vet Parasitol 2005; 128:285-290. 24. Cringoli G, Veneziano V, Rinaldi L, et al. Resistance of trichostrongyles to benzimidazoles in Italy: a first report in a goat farm with multiple and repeated introductions. Parasitol Res 2007;101:577-581. 25. Paraud C, Kulo A, Pors I, et al. Resistance of goat nematodes to multiple anthelmintics on a farm in France. Vet Rec 2009;164:563-564. 26. Domke AV, Chartier C, Gjerde B, et al. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in Norway. Parasitol Res 2012; 111: 185-193. 27. Peña-Espinoza M, Thamsborg SM, Demeler J, et al. Field efficacy of four anthelmintics and confirmation of drug-resistant nematodes by controlled efficacy test and pyrosequencing on a sheep and goat farm in Denmark. Vet Parasitol 2014; 206:208-215. 28. Kowal J, Wyrobisz A, Nosal P, et al. Benzimidazole resistance in the ovine Haemonchus contortus from southern Poland coproscopical and molecular findings. Ann Parasitol 2016; 62:119-123. 29. Mickiewicz M, Czopowicz M, Górski P, et al. The first reported case of resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to benzimidazole anthelmintic in goats in Poland. Ann Parasitol 2017; 63:317-322. 30. Düzlü Ö, Yıldırım A, İnci A, ve ark. Sığırlarda Ostertagia ostertagi ve Haemonchus türlerinin moleküler prevalansı karakterizasyonu ve benzimidazol dirençliliğinin moleküler olarak araştırılması. TSA-2015-5777 ERÜ Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi 2017. 31. Formemintini EA, Mestorina EL, Errecalde M, et al. Pharmacocinetics of ricobendazole in calves. J Vet Pharmacol Therap 2001; 24: 199-202. 32. Fiel C, Cristel S, Anziani O, et al. A survey on anthelmintic resistance in grazing cattle of Argentina. In Proceedings of the 25th. International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology 2015; 424, Liverpool, UK. 33. Canton C, Ceballos L, Domínguez MP, et al. Pharmaco-parasitological evaluation of the ricobendazole plus levamisole nematodicidal combination in cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:83-91. 34. Hinney B, Wirtherle NC, Kyule M. Prevalence of helminths in horses in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. Parasitol Res 2011; 108:1083-1091. 35. Kochapakdee S, Pandey VS, Pralomkarm W, et al. Anthelmintic resistance in goat in southern Thailand. Vet Rec 1995; 137:124-125. 36. Mejia ME, Fernandez Iguartua B, Schmidt EE, et al. Multispecies and multiple anthelmintic resistance on cattle nematodes in a farm in Argentina: the beginning of high resistance? Vet Res 2003; 34:461-467. 37. Coles GC, Bauer C, Borgsteede FHM, et al. World Association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol 1992;44:35 -44. 38. Fakae BB. The epidemiology of helminthosis in small ruminants under the traditional husbandry system in eastern Nigeria. Vet Res Commun 1990; 14:381-391. 39. Tembely S, Lahlou-Kassi A, Rege JE, et al. The epidemiology of nematode infections of sheep in a cool tropical environment. Vet Parasitol 1997;70:129-141. 40. Waller PJ, Rudby-Martin L, Ljungstrom BL. The epidemiology of abomasal nematodes of sheep in Sweden, with particular reference to over-winter survival strategies. Vet Parasitol 2004; 122:207- 220. 41. Ghisi M, Kaminsky R, Maser P. Phenotyping and genotyping of Haemonchus contortus isolates reveals a new putative candidate mutation for benzimidazole resistance in nematode. Vet Parasitol 2007; 144:313-320. 42. Munoz JA, Cubillan FA, Ramirez R, et al. Anthelmintic efficacy of doramectin 1%, ivermectin 1% and ricobendazol 15% against gastrointestinal nematodes in hair ovines. Rev Cientifica (Maracaibo) 2008;18(1): 12-16. 43. Sahin A, Gul A, Karaca M, et al. The efficacy of ricobendazole and ivermectin on naturally infected sheep with Trichostrongylidae sp. in the region of Van. J Anim Vet Adv 2009; 8(12): 2756-2759 44. Abramova EV, Abramov VE, Arkhipov I.A, et al. Anthelmintic efficacy of Ricobendazole injectable against helminthosis in sheep. Ross Khim Zh 2014; 2:77-82.