Demans Tanısı Olan Kişilere Bakım Verenler ve Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi: Sistematik Derleme

Demans her geçen gün artan sayılarda görülmektedir ve demans tanısı alan kişiler başka insanların bakımına ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Bakım verenler ise genelde kişinin aile üyeleri olmaktadır. Bakım verenler psikolojik sıkıntılar yaşayabilmekte ve psikolojik yardıma ihtiyaç duyabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı demans tanısı olan kişiye bakım veren aile üyelerine uygulanan Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi temelli müdahalelerin etkisinin incelenmesidir. Demans tanısı olan kişiye bakım veren aile üyelerine yönelik Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi temelli müdahalelerinin gözden geçirilmesi amacıyla EBSCOHost (Medline dahildir), Web of Science ve Cochrane (PubMed ve Embase dahildir) veri tabanlarında 1990-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanmış araştırmalar, ilgili anahtar kelimelerle taranmıştır. Bu tarama ve raporlama sistematik derlemelerin rapor edilmesinde kullanılan PRISMA Bildirimi’ne uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. İlk belirlemede 819 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Tekrar eden çalışmalar çıkarıldığında, dahil etme ve dışlama kriterleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda 20 çalışma bu derlemeye dahil edilmiştir. Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi temelli müdahalelerin bireysel ve grup olarak uygulanabildiği ve bu uygulamaların yüz yüze, telefon ve internet aracılığıyla yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmalarda seansların süresi, sıklığı ve yapılan değerlendirmeler farklılık gösterse de Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi müdahalelerinin demans tanısı olan kişiye bakım veren aile üyelerine, bakım alan demans tanısı olan kişilere ve iletişimlerine olumlu katkılarının olduğu görülmektedir. Genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapinin demans tanısı olan kişilere bakım veren aile üyeleri için etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmaların bulguları ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış olup, gelecek çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bilişsel davranışçı terapi, Bakım vermek, Demans, Alzheimer, Sistematik Derleme

Dementia Caregivers and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Systematic Review

Dementia is seen in increasing numbers, and people diagnosed with dementia need other people’s care. Caregivers are generally family members of the person and may experience psychological difficulties and may need psychological help. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) based interventions applied to family caregivers of people with dementia. In order to review CBT based interventions for family caregivers of people with dementia, researches published between 1990-2020 in EBSCHOHost (including Medline), Web of Science and Cochrane (including PubMed and Embase) databases were scanned. These screening and reporting were carried out in accordance with the PRISMA Statement used in reporting systematic reviews. In the first identification, 819 studies were obtained. When repeated studies were excluded, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies were included for this review. It was determined that CBT based interventions can be applied individually and as a group, and these applications can also be carried out face-to-face, via telephone and the Internet. Although the duration, frequency and evaluations of the sessions differ in the studies, it is seen that CBT interventions have positive contributions to family caregivers of people with dementia, dementia patients receiving care, and communication between them. When evaluated in general, it is concluded that CBT is effective for family caregivers of people with dementia. The findings of the studies were discussed in the light of the related literature and suggestions were made for future studies.

Keywords:

Cognitive behavioral therapy, caregivers, dementia, Alzheimer disease, systematic review,

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