Toptaşı Bimarhanesi Sertabibi Dr. Avram de Castro: Bir Biyo-bibliyografi

1829 yılında İstanbul’da doğan Avram(ino) de Castro, Mekteb-i Tıbbiyeyi Şahane’den 1859 senesinde mezun olduktan sonra, hükümet tarafından bir sene süreyle Paris’e gönderilmiştir. Ardından kendi imkânlarıyla İtalya’ya giderek orada üç sene tahsiline devam etmiş ve dönüşünde, önce kısa süre Maltepe Hastanesi’nde çalıştıktan sonra 1864 yılında Süleymaniye Bimarhanesi’ne tabip olarak tayin olmuştur. Başhekim Luigi Mongeri’nin (1815-1882) yardımcısı olarak işe başlayan Castro, 1873 yılı Kasım ayında Süleymaniye Bimarhanesi’nin Toptaşı’na nakli ile birlikte burada başhekim yardımcısı olarak çalışmaya devam etmiştir. Bimarhane sertabibi L.Mongeri’nin vefat etmesi üzerine, Castro 1882 yılından itibaren Toptaşı Bimarhanesi’ne başhekim olarak tayin olmuştur. 45 yıl süreyle Osmanlı Devleti’nde tabip olarak çalışan, 1873’ten itibaren 36 yıl süreyle Toptaşı’nda tabip ve 1882 yılında itibaren ise 27 yıl süreyle bu kurumun başhekimliğini yapan Castro, İkinci Meşrutiyet’in ilanının ardından 14 Kasım 1908’de emekli edilmiştir. Castro döneminde Toptaşı Bimarhanesi’nde ciddi bir kapasite sorunu yaşanmış ve 1893 kolera salgınında 86 hasta vefat etmiştir. Dr. Castro’nun hazırladığı çeşitli adli tıp raporları ve istatistikler, üyesi bulunduğu Cemiyet-i Tıbbiye-yi Şahane’nin yayın organı olan Gazette Médicale d’Orient’da (İstanbul) yayımlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Avram de Castro, Toptaşı Bimarhanesi, 1893 Kolera salgını, psikiyatri tarihi

Dr. Avram de Castro, Director of the Toptaşı Mental Asylum in Scutari: A Bio-bibliography

Avram(ino) de Castro, born in 1829 in Istanbul, has been sent to Paris for a year by the Ottoman government after his graduation from the Imperial Military Medical School (Mekteb-i Tibbiye-i Şahane) in 1859. He went to Italy by his own financial means and continued there his education for three more years. When he returned to Istanbul, he worked at the Maltepe Hospital for a while and then was appointed to the Süleymaniye Lunatic Asylum as a civilian doctor. He started to work as the assistant of Dr. Luigi Mongeri (1815-1882), the chief physician of the asylum, and carried on to work in the same position after Süleymaniye Lunatic Asylum has moved to Toptaşı, Scutari. Following the death of Dr. L. Mongeri sen. in 1882, Dr. A. de Castro was appointed chief physician to the asylum. Avram de Castro worked as a physician in the Ottoman Empire for about 45 years. He served for 36 years at Toptaşı Lunatic Asylum where he acted as director between the years 1882-1908. He retired on 14th November 1908, following the proclamation of the Second Constitutio. During Dr. de Castro’s administration, the asylum experienced a serious lack of capacity and its patients suffered greately from the cholera epidemic of 1893. Dr. de Castro authored a number of medico-legal reports and a few statistics of the Toptaşı Asylum, all published in the Gazette Medicale d’Orient (Istanbul), the journal of the Medical Society of Constantinople, of which he was a member.

Keywords:

Avram de Castro, Toptaşı Lunatic Asylum, 1893 Cholera epidemic, history of psychiatry,

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1. ‘Rapport médico-légal sur l’état mental d’Izzet Emin, inculpé de meurtre,’ Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XIII, 1869, s.151-157 (L. Mongeri sen. ile birlikte).
2. ‘Biographie du feu le Dr.Mongeri,’ Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année. XXV, Janvier 1883, No. 10, s.152-153
3. ‘Sur l’état mental du nommé Magherditch Tchiboukian, accusé de tentative d’incendie volontaire’ [I], Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXVI, No. 7, Octobre 1883, s.100-104.
4. ‘Sur l’état mental du nommé Magherditch Tchiboukian, accusé de tentative d’incendie volontaire’ [II], Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXVI, No. 8, Novembre 1883, s.123-126.
5. ‘Sur l’état mental du nommé Magherditch Tchiboukian, accusé de tentative d’incendie volontaire’ [III], Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXVI, No. 9, Décembre 1883, s.141-142.
6. ‘Sur l’état mental de Hadji Abdullah, de Crimée, accusé d’un double meurtre et d’une tentative d’assassinat’ [I], Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXVI, No. 11, Fevrier 1884, s.167-172.
7. ‘Sur l’état mental de Hadji Abdullah, de Crimée, accusé d’un double meurtre et d’une tentative d’assassinat’ [II], Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXVI, No. 12, Mars 1884, s.187-191.
8. ‘Sur l’état mental de Hadji Abdullah, de Crimée, accusé d’un double meurtre et d’une tentative d’assassinat’, [III], Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXVII, No. 1, Avril, 1884, s.5-10.
9. ‘Rapport médico-légal sur l’état mental du nommé Lambo, meurtrier du caporal Ahmed’, Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXVIII, 1885, s. 100, 117.
10. ‘Rapport médico-légal sur l’état mental du nommé Moustapha, meurtrier de Hadji Panayoti’, [I], Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXVIII, 1885, s. 374.
11. ‘Rapport médico-légal sur l’état mental du nommé Moustapha, meurtrier de Hadji Panayoti’ [II], Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXIX, 1886, s. 7.
12. ‘Les aliénés dans les hôpitaux de Constantinople; rectification,’ Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XXIX, 1886, s. 135-138.
13. ‘Expertise médico-légale sur l’état mental du nommé Hussein d’Avrathissar, accusé de meurtre,’ Gazette des Hôpitaux de l’Empire Ottoman, Année I, No.3, 1887, s.5-7.
14. ‘Statistique de l’asile des aliénés de Top-Tachi pendant l’année ottomane 1314 (1898/99),’Gazette Médicale d’Orient, Année XLV, No.11,30 Juillet 1900, s.172-76.