Laboratuvar Kemirgenleri, Sindirim Fizyolojisi ve Beslenmeleri ile İlgili Önemli Konulara Genel Bir Bakış

Biyomedikal araştırmalardaki mevcut eğilimler, çeşitli hastalıkların altında yatan mekanizmaları anlamak açısından uygun deneyler planlanmasında önemli katkıları bulunan deney hayvanlarının kullanımına küresel olarak güvenmektedir. Çoğunlukla kemirgen olan bu hayvanlar; köklü gen haritaları, kolay uygulanabilirliği ve ıslahta çok sayıda yavru üretme yeteneği gibi bazı özelliklere sahip olması yönünden biyomedikal araştırmalarda geniş ölçüde tercih edilmektedir. Bu hayvanlar karakteristik sindirim sistemi yapıları nedeniyle farklı diyetlere karşı yüksek uyumluluğa sahip olup insanlara zarar verebilecek enfeksiyöz olmayan ya da genetik hastalıklara karşı yüksek duyarlılık göstermektedir. Kemirgenler üretim ve deneysel amaçlara bağlı olarak her bir tür ve suşa özgü yaşama payı ve verim payı gereksinimlerini karşılayabilen diyetlerle beslenmektedir. Bitki ve/veya hayvan kaynaklı çeşitli yem ham maddelerinden oluşan pelet haline getirilmiş veya ekstrüde edilmiş formdaki ticari diyetler, bu hayvanların beslenmesinde oldukça yaygın şekilde kullanılmakta olup yapılan araştırmadaki gereksinimlere göre hazırlanmaktadır. Bu derleme çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılan laboratuvar hayvanlarının orjini, tarihi, yemleme davranışları ve suşları ile ilgili detaylı bilgi vermektedir. Ayrıca bu hayvanların besin madde gereksinimleri; diyetlerinin özellikleri, tipi, içeriği, fiziksel formu ve çevresel faktörlerin diyetlerine etkisi tartışılmaktadır.

An overview about Laboratory Rodents, Digestive Physiology and Important Issues regarding Their Nutrition

The current trends in biomedical research gloabally rely upon experimental animals for their pivotal contribution in proper designs of experiments to understand the underlying mechanisms of various diseases.. These animals which are mostly rodents; are broadly preferred in biomedical research for certain characters like well established gene maps, easy adaptibility and ability to produce large number of offsprings at breeding. Besides, these animals are well known for high compliance to different diets beacuse of their characteristic digestive system structure, and high susceptibility to targeted non-infectious or genetic diseases which may cause harm to humans. Rodents are fed with different diets that meet their maintenance and productivity requirements specific to each specie and strain, highly depending upon the production or experimental purposes. Commercial diets in pellet or extruded form consisting of various feed raw materials of plant and / or animal origin, are the most widely used diets for feeding and special diets are also prepared according to the requirements of research. This review deals in comprehending the details about orgin, history, feeding behaviours and strains of variously used experimental animals. Besides, nutrient requirements of this animals; characteristics, type, content, physical form of diet and effects of environmental factors on their diet have been discussed.

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