Tuzlu Koşullarda Bentonit Uygulamasının Makarnalık ve Ekmeklik Buğdayların Kuru Madde Verimi ve Mineral Besin Elementleri Üzerine Etkisi

Abiyotik stres etmenlerinden olan tuzluluk, bitki gelişmesinde gerilemeye ve önemli oranda ürün kaybına neden olmaktadır. Deneme, sera koşullarında tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre saksı denemesi şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Denemede, tuzlu koşullarda (4000 mg NaCl kg-1 toprak) ve artan bentonit (%0, %5 ve %10) dozları uygulanmıştır. Denemede bir ekmeklik (Vittorio) ve bir makarnalık (Cesare) buğday çeşitleri yetiştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, tuzlu koşullarda artan dozlarda bentonit uygulamaları sonucunda ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğdayların kuru madde verimlerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ekmeklik buğdayların makarnalık buğdaylara göre daha fazla kuru madde ürettiği saptanmıştır. En fazla kuru madde verimi ekmeklik buğdayda %10 bentonit uygulamasından 150 mg bitki-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Tuzlu koşullarda ve artan (%0, %5 ve %10 toprak) dozlarda bentonit uygulamaları sonucunda, ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday çeşitleri kontrol saksılarıyla kıyaslandığında; yeşil aksam fosfor, potasyum, demir, bakır ve çinko konsantrasyonunda artış meydana gelirken kalsiyum, magnezyum, sodyum, mangan ve bor konsantrasyonları ise azalmalar meydana gelmiştir. Özellikle kumlu topraklarda orta derecede tuzluluk sorunu olan alanlara bentonit uygulamasının buğdayda mineral beslenme problemlerinin bazılarının giderilmesine katkısı olacağından %5 düzeyinde bentonit uygulanmasını önerebiliriz.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ekmeklik buğday, makarnalık buğday, NaCl, bentonit

The Effect of Bentonite Application on Dry Matter Yield and Mineral Nutritional Elements of Durum and Bread Wheats in Salt Conditions

Salinity, which is one of the abiotic stress factors, causes regression in plant growth and significant yield loss. The experiment was carried out as a pot experiment in greenhouse conditions according to the randomized plot design. In the experiment, increased doses of bentonite (0, 5% and 10%) were applied in saline conditions (4000 mg NaCl kg-1 soil). One bread (Vittorio) and one durum (Cesare) wheat cultivars were grown in the experiment. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the dry matter yields of bread and durum wheats increased as a result of increasing doses of bentonite in salty conditions. It was determined that bread wheat produced more dry matter than durum wheat. The highest dry matter yield was obtained as 150 mg plant-1 from 10% bentonite application in bread wheat. As a result of bentonite applications in saline conditions and increasing (0%, 5% and 10% soil) doses, when compared to the control pots of bread and durum wheat varieties; While the concentration of green parts phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper and zinc increased, calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese and boron concentrations decreased. Since the application of bentonite to the areas with moderate salinity problem, especially in sandy soils, will contribute to the elimination of some of the mineral nutrition problems in wheat, we can recommend the application of bentonite at the level of 5%.

Keywords:

Bread wheat, durum wheat, NaCl, bentonite,

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