Relative Ceramic Densities in the North-Eastern Mediterranean Iron Age

Al Mina’daki yerleşimin karakteri 10 yıllardır tartışılmaktadır. Eğer temel seviyesindeki hemen hemen hepsi Yunan olan keramik grubu dikkate alınmazsa, Al Mina’daki yerleşim, tüm kültürel malzemesi ile tipik bir kuzey Suriye yerleşimidir.Bu yerleşimin Yakın Doğu ile ticaret yapan önemli bir Yunan yerleşimi olduğunu söyleyenleri destekleyici bir çalışma 1990 ve 2005 yıllarında John Boardman tarafından yayınlanmıştır. Boardman bu yerleşim ile çağdaşı olan yakın yerleşimleri kıyaslayan bir tablo yayınlamıştır. Kıyaslamadaki kıstas, bu yerleşimdeki ve çağdaş komşu yerleşimlerdeki ithal Yunan keramiklerinin miktarıdır. Altını çizmeye çalıştığı nokta ise, Al Mina’da bulunan Yunan keramiklerinin miktarının diğer dönem keramik miktarları ile kıyaslandığında sayıca çok daha fazla olmasıdır. Boardman’ın çalışması genel olarak eleştiriye yönelik olup, odaklandığı noktalar kazı yapan kişinin kayıt tutma, koruma ve sayma yöntemleridir. Sürekli olarak gözardı ettiği önemli nokta ise, kıyaslamanın her yerleşimde kazılan alanın ebadına dayandırılmasıdır. İlgili katmanın derinliği hiç dikkate alınmamaktadır. Halbuki bir katmanın hacmi her yerleşimde farklıdır, hatta aynı yerleşimde bile değişiklik gösterebilir. Doğru değerlendirme alan (m2) hesabı ile değil, hacim (m3) hesabı ile olur. Bu çalışma Al Mina ile ilgili olarak sürmekte olan tartışmaları, komşu olan çağdaş yerleşimlerden hacim kıyaslaması yaparak yeniden değerlendirecek ve bu tip uygulamaların Demir Çağ’da Doğu ile Batı arasında sınır teşkil eden bir bölgede ticaretin karakterini, keramik alışverişini ve yerel üretimi göstermesi açısından ne kadar zor olduğunu ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Suriye, tesadüfi örnekleme

The nature of the settlement at Al Mina, with its near-exclusive assemblage of Greek ceramics at its foundation level but with its remaining material culture typical of North Syria, has been under debate for decades. In support of arguments for Al Mina being an important Greek settlement engaged in trade with the Near East, in 1990 and 2005 John Boardman published a comparative table to highlight the quantity of imported Greek pottery at the site relative to contemporary neighbouring sites, outlining the overwhelming presence of Greek sherds relative to the rest of the ceramic assemblage. His study has been the subject of criticism, usually founded on issues to do with the excavator’s methods of recording, preservation and quantification of the pottery. One fundamental problem that has been consistently overlooked, however, is that the comparisons were calculated based upon the area excavated at each site, without taking into account the depth of the relevant strata. Since the volume representative of a single stratum may vary from site to site, and even within a single site, a more appropriate comparison would be through volumetric calculations (m3) rather than just area-related ones (m2). This article revisits the Al Mina debate through a volumetric comparison across neighbouring contemporary settlements, drawing attention to the difficulties of using such exercises to address questions regarding the nature of trade, exchange and local production in this frontier region between East and West during the Iron Age.
Keywords:

Syria, random sampling,

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