Durable and nondurable consumption, health and education expenditures over the life-cycle in Turkey

Bu çalışmanın amacı 2003 Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketini kullanarak Türkiyede hanehalklarının tüketimlerinin ve tüketimin bileşenlerinin yaşam döngüsü profillerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın temel bulguları şunlardır: Yaşam döngüsü modelinin savunduğunun aksine Türkiyede tüketim gelirle beraber hareket etmektedir, ancak eşdeğer hane büyüklüğüne göre çizilen tüketim profilleri çok daha yataydır. Her ne kadar bu sonuç yaşam döngüsü modelini destekler nitelikteyse de halen bazı yaşam döngüsü dinamikleri gözlenmektedir. Diğer önemli sonuçlar ise şunlardır: i) Gelişmiş ülkelerdeki bulunan sonuçların aksine Türkiyedeki hanehalklarının dayanıklı mallara ilişkin tüketim profilleri çok daha geç yaşlarda en yüksek noktasına ulaşmaktadır. ii) Cepten sağlık harcamaları, büyük ihtimalle Türkiyedeki kapsamlı sosyal güvenlik sistemi sayesinde, yaşam döngüsü boyunca sabit bir seyir izlemektedir. iii) Hanehalkı reisinin eğitim seviyesine göre türetilen eğitim harcamaları profillerine bakıldığında eğitim grupları arasında büyük farklılıklar gözlenmektedir. Bu da az eğitimli ailelerin çocuklarının düşük beşeri sermaye tuzağında kalmalarına yol açabilmektedir.

Türkiyede dayanıklı, dayanıksız malların tüketiminin ve sağlık ve eğitim harcamalarının yaşam döngüsü analizleri

In this paper, we investigate the life-cycle profiles of household consumption and its components in Turkey using the 2003 Turkish Household Budget Survey. We find that consumption tracks income quite closely over the life-cycle, which contradicts the implication of the life-cycle model. However, the adult-equivalent consumption profile is much flatter. Although this could be interpreted in favor of the life-cycle model, some life-cycle dynamics are still apparent in the adult-equivalent consumption profile. Other major findings are: i) The durable consumption profile of Turkish households peaks at a much later age than those of their counterparts in developed countries. ii) Out-of-pocket health expenditures are quite constant over the life-cycle, which is likely to stem from the Turkish Social Security System. iii) There is substantial difference in education expenditures according to the household heads education, which suggests that children with less-educated parents might be mired in a low human-capital trap.

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