GÖKHAN KARAGONLAR, ENGİN BAĞIŞ ÖZTÜRK, Ömür N. T. ÖZMEN

4527

Çalışanın örgütle sosyal mübadele algısı ve işten ayrılma niyeti: İşe cezbolmanın ve öz yeterliliğin rolü

Bu çalışma, davranışın esnekliği kuramından yola çıkarak çalışanın örgütle olan sosyal mübadele algısı ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkide öz yeterliliğin biçimlendirici rolünü incelemektedir. Dahası, öz yeterliliğin sosyal mübadele ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki bu biçimlendiricilik etkisinin dolaylı olacağı öne sürülmekte ve bu doğrultuda işe cezbolmanın aracı rolü incelenmektedir. Önerilen bu biçimlendirilen aracılık modeli Marmara Bölgesi'nde faaliyet gösteren bir tekstil firmasının 153 beyaz yaka çalışanı üzerinde bir soru formu aracılığıyla test edilmiştir. Bulgular öz yeterliliğin sosyal mübadele ve işe cezbolma arasındaki olumlu ilişkiyi zayıflattığını ve bu nedenle öz yeterlilik arttıkça sosyal mübadele ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki dolaylı ilişkinin azaldığını göstermiştir.

Social exchange with the organization and turnover intention: The roles of self efficacy and work engagement

The present study examined the moderating role of self efficacy in the relationship between employees' social exchange perceptions with the organization and their turnover intention. Further, we expected that this moderating influence of self efficacy would be mediated by work engagement. The hypothesized moderated mediation model was tested on a sample of 153 white collar employees of a textile manufacturing company located in Marmara region. The findings revealed that self efficacy weakened the positive association between social exchange with the organization and work engagement. Further, this weakening effect of self efficacy on the social exchange - work engagemet relationship was carried over to turnover intention.

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  • BAGOZZİ, R. P. ve EDWARDS, J. R. (1998), "A general approach to construct validation in organizational research: Application to the measurement of work values", Organizational Research Methods, 1, 45-87.
  • BAKKER, A. B. (2011), "An Evidence-Based Model of Work Engagement", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 265-269.
  • BAKKER, A. B., ALBRECHT, S. L. ve M. P. LEITER (2011), "Key Questions Regarding Work Engagement", European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20, 4-28.
  • BAKKER, A. B.ve DEMEROUTI E. (2008), "Towards a Model of Work Engagement", The Career Development International, 13, 209-223.
  • BAKKER, A. B., SCHAUFELI, W. B., LEITER, M. P. ve TARIS, T. W. (2008), "Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology", Work & Stress, 22(3), 187-200.
  • BAL, M. P., CHIABURU, D. S.ve JANSEN, P. G. (2010), "Psychological contract breach and work performance: Is social exchange a buffer or an intensifier?", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25, 252-273.
  • BANDURA, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York, NY, US: W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.
  • BANDURA, A.ve LOCKE E. A. (2003), "Negative Self-Efficacy and Goal Effects Revisited", Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 87-99.
  • BECKER, T. E. (2005). "Potential Problems in the Statistical Control of Variables in Organizational Research: A Qualitative Analysis with Recommendations", Organizational Research Methods, 8, 274-289.
  • BENTLER, P. M., & CHOU, C. P. (1987), "Practical issues in structural are modeling", Sociological Methods & Research, 16, 78-117.
  • BLAU, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley: New York.
  • BRISLIN, R. (1980), "Translation and content analysis of oral and written material." H.C. Triandis ve J. W. Berry (Der.), Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • BROCKNER, J. (1988). Self-esteem at Work: Research, Theory, and Practice, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
  • BUCH, R., KUVAAS, B., SHORE, L. ve DYSVIK, A. (2014), "Once bitten, twice shy? Past breach and present exchange relationships", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(8), 938-952.
  • BYRNE, Z., V. PITTS, D. CHIABURU, ve Z. STEINER (2011), "Managerial Trustworthiness and Social Exchange with the Organization", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26, 108-122.
  • COHEN, A. (1999), "The Relation between Commitment Forms and Work Outcomes in Jewish and Arab Culture", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 371-391.
  • COHEN, J., COHEN, P., WEST S. G. ve AIKEN L. S. (2003). Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (3rd Ed.). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • COLQUITT, J. A., BAER, M. D., LONG, D. M.ve HALVORSEN-GANEPOLA, M. D. (2014), "Scale indicators of social exchange relationships: A comparison of relative content validity", Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 599.
  • COYLE-SHAPIRO, J. A. M. ve SHORE L. M. (2007), "The Employee-Organization Relationship: Where Do We Go from Here?", Human Resource Management Review, 17, 166-179.
  • CROPANZANO, R. ve MITCHELL M. S. (2005), "Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review", Journal of Management, 31, 874-900.
  • EDEN, D. ve AVIRAM A. (1993), "Self-Efficacy Training to Speed Reemployment: Helping People to Help Themselves", Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 352-360.
  • EDEN, D. ve ZUK Y. (1995), "Seasickness as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Raising Self-Efficacy to Boost Performance at Sea", Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 628-635.
  • EDWARDS, J. R. ve LAMBERT L. S. (2007), "Methods for Integrating Moderation and Mediation: A General Analytical Framework Using Moderated Path Analysis", Psychological Methods, 12, 1- 22.
  • EISENBERGER, R., HUNTINGTON, R., HUTCHISON S. ve SOWA D. (1986), "Perceived Organizational Support", Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500-507.
  • EVANS, M. G. (1985), "A Monte Carlo Study of the Effects of Correlated Method Variance in Moderated Multiple Regression Analysis", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36, 305-323.
  • FARH, J.-L., HACKETT R. D. ve LIANG J. (2007), "Individual-Level Cultural Values as Moderators of Perceived Organizational Support--Employee Outcome Relationships in China: Comparing the Effects of Power Distance and Traditionality", Academy of Management Journal, 50, 715-729.
  • GRIFFETH, R. W., HOM P. W. ve GAERTNER S. (2000), "A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications for the Next Millennium", Journal of Management, 26, 463-488.
  • BAGOZZİ, R. P. ve EDWARDS, J. R. (1998), "A general approach to construct validation in organizational research: Application to the measurement of work values", Organizational Research Methods, 1, 45-87.
  • BAKKER, A. B. (2011), "An Evidence-Based Model of Work Engagement", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 265-269.
  • BAKKER, A. B., ALBRECHT, S. L. ve M. P. LEITER (2011), "Key Questions Regarding Work Engagement", European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20, 4-28.
  • BAKKER, A. B.ve DEMEROUTI E. (2008), "Towards a Model of Work Engagement", The Career Development International, 13, 209-223.
  • BAKKER, A. B., SCHAUFELI, W. B., LEITER, M. P. ve TARIS, T. W. (2008), "Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology", Work & Stress, 22(3), 187-200.
  • BAL, M. P., CHIABURU, D. S.ve JANSEN, P. G. (2010), "Psychological contract breach and work performance: Is social exchange a buffer or an intensifier?", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25, 252-273.
  • BANDURA, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York, NY, US: W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.
  • BANDURA, A.ve LOCKE E. A. (2003), "Negative Self-Efficacy and Goal Effects Revisited", Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 87-99.
  • BECKER, T. E. (2005). "Potential Problems in the Statistical Control of Variables in Organizational Research: A Qualitative Analysis with Recommendations", Organizational Research Methods, 8, 274-289.
  • BENTLER, P. M., & CHOU, C. P. (1987), "Practical issues in structural are modeling", Sociological Methods & Research, 16, 78-117.
  • BLAU, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley: New York.
  • BRISLIN, R. (1980), "Translation and content analysis of oral and written material." H.C. Triandis ve J. W. Berry (Der.), Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • BROCKNER, J. (1988). Self-esteem at Work: Research, Theory, and Practice, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
  • BUCH, R., KUVAAS, B., SHORE, L. ve DYSVIK, A. (2014), "Once bitten, twice shy? Past breach and present exchange relationships", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(8), 938-952.
  • BYRNE, Z., V. PITTS, D. CHIABURU, ve Z. STEINER (2011), "Managerial Trustworthiness and Social Exchange with the Organization", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26, 108-122.
  • COHEN, A. (1999), "The Relation between Commitment Forms and Work Outcomes in Jewish and Arab Culture", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 371-391.
  • COHEN, J., COHEN, P., WEST S. G. ve AIKEN L. S. (2003). Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (3rd Ed.). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • COLQUITT, J. A., BAER, M. D., LONG, D. M.ve HALVORSEN-GANEPOLA, M. D. (2014), "Scale indicators of social exchange relationships: A comparison of relative content validity", Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 599.
  • COYLE-SHAPIRO, J. A. M. ve SHORE L. M. (2007), "The Employee-Organization Relationship: Where Do We Go from Here?", Human Resource Management Review, 17, 166-179.
  • CROPANZANO, R. ve MITCHELL M. S. (2005), "Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review", Journal of Management, 31, 874-900.
  • EDEN, D. ve AVIRAM A. (1993), "Self-Efficacy Training to Speed Reemployment: Helping People to Help Themselves", Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 352-360.
  • EDEN, D. ve ZUK Y. (1995), "Seasickness as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Raising Self-Efficacy to Boost Performance at Sea", Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 628-635.
  • EDWARDS, J. R. ve LAMBERT L. S. (2007), "Methods for Integrating Moderation and Mediation: A General Analytical Framework Using Moderated Path Analysis", Psychological Methods, 12, 1- 22.
  • EISENBERGER, R., HUNTINGTON, R., HUTCHISON S. ve SOWA D. (1986), "Perceived Organizational Support", Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500-507.
  • EVANS, M. G. (1985), "A Monte Carlo Study of the Effects of Correlated Method Variance in Moderated Multiple Regression Analysis", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36, 305-323.
  • FARH, J.-L., HACKETT R. D. ve LIANG J. (2007), "Individual-Level Cultural Values as Moderators of Perceived Organizational Support--Employee Outcome Relationships in China: Comparing the Effects of Power Distance and Traditionality", Academy of Management Journal, 50, 715-729.
  • GRIFFETH, R. W., HOM P. W. ve GAERTNER S. (2000), "A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications for the Next Millennium", Journal of Management, 26, 463-488.
  • HALBESLEBEN, J. R. B. (2010), "A Meta-Analysis of Work Engagement: Relationships with Burnout, Demands, Resources, and Consequences", in Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research. New York, NY, US: Psychology Press, 102-117.
  • HARTER, J. K., SCHMIDT, F. L. ve HAYES, T. L. (2002), "Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis", Journal of applied psychology, 87, 268.
  • HAYES, A. F. (2013), Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  • HOFSTEDE, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations, London: Sage Publications.
  • HOM, P. W., TSUI, A. S., WU, J. B., LEE, T. W., ZHANG, A. Y., FU, P. P. & LI, l. (2007), "Explaining employment relationships with social exchange and job embeddedness", Journal of Applied Psychology¸94, 277-297.
  • HUI, C.ve LEE, C. (2000), "Moderating effects of organization-based self-esteem on organizational uncertainty: Employee response relationships", Journal of Management, 26(2), 215-232.
  • INCEOGLU, I., ve P. WARR (2011), "Personality and Job Engagement", Journal of Personnel Psychology, 10, 177-181.
  • KAHN, W. A. (1990), "Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work", Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
  • KLINE, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • LEVINSON, H. (1965), "Reciprocation: The Relationship between Man and Organization", Administrative Science Quarterly, 9, 370-390.
  • LITTLE, T. D., CUNNINGHAM, W. A., SHAHAR, G. ve K. F. WIDAMAN (2002), "To Parcel or Not to Parcel: Exploring the Question, Weighing the Merits", Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151- 173.
  • MACCALLUM, R. C., BROWNE, M. W. ve H. M. SUGAWARA (1996), "Power Analysis and Determination of Sample Size for Covariance Structure Modeling", Psychological Methods, 1, 130-149.
  • MEYER, J. P., D. J. STANLEY, L. HERSCOVITCH, ve L. TOPOLNYTSKY (2002), "Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
  • MOLM, L. D., TAKAHASHI, N. ve PETERSON G. (2000), "Risk and Trust in Social Exchange: An Experimental Test of a Classical Proposition", American Journal of Sociology, 105, 1396-1427.
  • PIERCE, J. L., GARDNER, D. G., DUNHAM, R. B. ve L. L. CUMMINGS (1993), "Moderation by Organization-Based Self-Esteem of Role Condition Employee Response Relationships", Academy of Management Journal, 36, 271-288.
  • PREACHER, K. J.ve HAYES A. F. (2008), "Contemporary Approaches to Assessing Mediation in Communication Research", in The Sage Sourcebook of Advanced Data Analysis Methods for Communication Research, ed. by A. F. Hayes, M. D. Slaterve L. B. Snyder. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc, 13-54.
  • RHOADES, L.ve EISENBERGER R. (2002), "Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of the Literature", Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 698-714.
  • RICH, B. L., LEPINE, J. A. ve CRAWFORD E. R. (2010), "Job Engagement: Antecedents and Effects on Job Performance", Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635.
  • RIGGS, M. L., WARKA, J., BABASA, B., BETANCOURT, R. ve HOOKER S. (1994), "Development and Validation of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Scales for Job-Related Applications", Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54, 793-802.
  • ROUSSEAU, D. M. (1995), Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • RUPP, D. E., ve R. CROPANZANO (2002), "The Mediating Effects of Social Exchange Relationships in Predicting Workplace Outcomes from Multifoci Organizational Justice", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89, 925-946.
  • SAKS, A. M. (2006), "Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 600-619.
  • SAKS, A. M.ve ASHFORTH B. E. (2000), "The Role of Dispositions, Entry Stressors, and Behavioral Plasticity Theory in Predicting Newcomers' Adjustment to Work", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 43-62.
  • SCHAUBROECK, J., LAM, S. S. K. ve XIE J. L. (2000), "Collective Efficacy Versus Self-Efficacy in Coping Responses to Stressors and Control: A Cross-Cultural Study", Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 512-525.
  • SCHAUFELI, W. B.ve BAKKER A. B. (2004), "Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293-315.
  • SCHAUFELI, W. B., BAKKER, A. B. ve SALANOVA M. (2006), "The Measurement of Work Engagement with a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study", Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701-716.
  • SCHWAB, D. P. (2005), Research Methods for Organizational Studies (2nd Ed.). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • SHORE, L. M., BOMMER, W. H., RAO, A. N. ve SEO J. (2009), "Social and Economic Exchange in the Employee-Organization Relationship: The Moderating Role of Reciprocation Wariness", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24, 701-721.
  • SHORE, L. M. ve COYLE- SHAPIRO J. A. M. (2003), "Editorial: New Developments in the Employee- Organization Relationship", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 443-450.
  • SHORE, L. M., TETRICK, L. E., LYNCH P. ve BARKSDALE K. (2006), "Social and Economic Exchange: Construct Development and Validation", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 837-867.
  • SONG, L. J., A. S. TSUI, ve K. S. LAW (2009), "Unpacking Employee Responses to Organizational Exchange Mechanisms: The Role of Social and Economic Exchange Perceptions", Journal of Management, 35, 56-93.
  • STAJKOVIC, A. D. ve LUTHANS F. (1998), "Self-Efficacy and Work-Related Performance: A Meta- Analysis", Psychological Bulletin, 124, 240-261.
  • TEKLEAB, A. G., ve D. S. CHIABURU (2011), "Social Exchange: Empirical Examination of Form and Focus", Journal of Business Research, 64, 460-466.
  • VAN DEN BROECK, A., VANSTEENKISTE, M., DE WITTE H. ve LENS W. (2008), "Explaining the Relationships between Job Characteristics, Burnout, and Engagement: The Role of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction", Work & Stress, 22, 277-294.
  • VROOM, V. H. (1964), Work and motivation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • WAYNE, S. J., SHORE, L. M. ve LIDEN R. C. (1997), "Perceived Organizational Support and Leader- Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective", Academy of Management Journal, 40, 82- 111.
  • HARTER, J. K., SCHMIDT, F. L. ve HAYES, T. L. (2002), "Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis", Journal of applied psychology, 87, 268.
  • HAYES, A. F. (2013), Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  • HOFSTEDE, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations, London: Sage Publications.
  • HOM, P. W., TSUI, A. S., WU, J. B., LEE, T. W., ZHANG, A. Y., FU, P. P. & LI, l. (2007), "Explaining employment relationships with social exchange and job embeddedness", Journal of Applied Psychology¸94, 277-297.
  • HUI, C.ve LEE, C. (2000), "Moderating effects of organization-based self-esteem on organizational uncertainty: Employee response relationships", Journal of Management, 26(2), 215-232.
  • INCEOGLU, I., ve P. WARR (2011), "Personality and Job Engagement", Journal of Personnel Psychology, 10, 177-181.
  • KAHN, W. A. (1990), "Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work", Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
  • KLINE, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • LEVINSON, H. (1965), "Reciprocation: The Relationship between Man and Organization", Administrative Science Quarterly, 9, 370-390.
  • LITTLE, T. D., CUNNINGHAM, W. A., SHAHAR, G. ve K. F. WIDAMAN (2002), "To Parcel or Not to Parcel: Exploring the Question, Weighing the Merits", Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151- 173.
  • MACCALLUM, R. C., BROWNE, M. W. ve H. M. SUGAWARA (1996), "Power Analysis and Determination of Sample Size for Covariance Structure Modeling", Psychological Methods, 1, 130-149.
  • MEYER, J. P., D. J. STANLEY, L. HERSCOVITCH, ve L. TOPOLNYTSKY (2002), "Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
  • MOLM, L. D., TAKAHASHI, N. ve PETERSON G. (2000), "Risk and Trust in Social Exchange: An Experimental Test of a Classical Proposition", American Journal of Sociology, 105, 1396-1427.
  • PIERCE, J. L., GARDNER, D. G., DUNHAM, R. B. ve L. L. CUMMINGS (1993), "Moderation by Organization-Based Self-Esteem of Role Condition Employee Response Relationships", Academy of Management Journal, 36, 271-288.
  • PREACHER, K. J.ve HAYES A. F. (2008), "Contemporary Approaches to Assessing Mediation in Communication Research", in The Sage Sourcebook of Advanced Data Analysis Methods for Communication Research, ed. by A. F. Hayes, M. D. Slaterve L. B. Snyder. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc, 13-54.
  • RHOADES, L.ve EISENBERGER R. (2002), "Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of the Literature", Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 698-714.
  • RICH, B. L., LEPINE, J. A. ve CRAWFORD E. R. (2010), "Job Engagement: Antecedents and Effects on Job Performance", Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635.
  • RIGGS, M. L., WARKA, J., BABASA, B., BETANCOURT, R. ve HOOKER S. (1994), "Development and Validation of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Scales for Job-Related Applications", Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54, 793-802.
  • ROUSSEAU, D. M. (1995), Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • RUPP, D. E., ve R. CROPANZANO (2002), "The Mediating Effects of Social Exchange Relationships in Predicting Workplace Outcomes from Multifoci Organizational Justice", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89, 925-946.
  • SAKS, A. M. (2006), "Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 600-619.
  • SAKS, A. M.ve ASHFORTH B. E. (2000), "The Role of Dispositions, Entry Stressors, and Behavioral Plasticity Theory in Predicting Newcomers' Adjustment to Work", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 43-62.
  • SCHAUBROECK, J., LAM, S. S. K. ve XIE J. L. (2000), "Collective Efficacy Versus Self-Efficacy in Coping Responses to Stressors and Control: A Cross-Cultural Study", Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 512-525.
  • SCHAUFELI, W. B.ve BAKKER A. B. (2004), "Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293-315.
  • SCHAUFELI, W. B., BAKKER, A. B. ve SALANOVA M. (2006), "The Measurement of Work Engagement with a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study", Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701-716.
  • SCHWAB, D. P. (2005), Research Methods for Organizational Studies (2nd Ed.). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • SHORE, L. M., BOMMER, W. H., RAO, A. N. ve SEO J. (2009), "Social and Economic Exchange in the Employee-Organization Relationship: The Moderating Role of Reciprocation Wariness", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24, 701-721.
  • SHORE, L. M. ve COYLE- SHAPIRO J. A. M. (2003), "Editorial: New Developments in the Employee- Organization Relationship", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 443-450.
  • SHORE, L. M., TETRICK, L. E., LYNCH P. ve BARKSDALE K. (2006), "Social and Economic Exchange: Construct Development and Validation", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 837-867.
  • SONG, L. J., A. S. TSUI, ve K. S. LAW (2009), "Unpacking Employee Responses to Organizational Exchange Mechanisms: The Role of Social and Economic Exchange Perceptions", Journal of Management, 35, 56-93.
  • STAJKOVIC, A. D. ve LUTHANS F. (1998), "Self-Efficacy and Work-Related Performance: A Meta- Analysis", Psychological Bulletin, 124, 240-261.
  • TEKLEAB, A. G., ve D. S. CHIABURU (2011), "Social Exchange: Empirical Examination of Form and Focus", Journal of Business Research, 64, 460-466.
  • VAN DEN BROECK, A., VANSTEENKISTE, M., DE WITTE H. ve LENS W. (2008), "Explaining the Relationships between Job Characteristics, Burnout, and Engagement: The Role of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction", Work & Stress, 22, 277-294.
  • VROOM, V. H. (1964), Work and motivation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • WAYNE, S. J., SHORE, L. M. ve LIDEN R. C. (1997), "Perceived Organizational Support and Leader- Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective", Academy of Management Journal, 40, 82- 111.
ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1010-9935
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2018
  • Yayıncı: ODTÜ İİBF
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