Yabancı Dil Olarak İngilizce Öğrenen Türk Öğrencilerde Akademik Erteleme ve Motivasyonel Faktörler: İlişkisel Bir Araştırma

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Yabancı Dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen (EFL) Türk öğrencilerin akademik erteleme seviyesini bulmak ve bunun öğrencilerin İngilizce seviyelerine göre nasıl farklılaştığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen Türk öğrencilerinin ertelemecilik, benlik saygısı, öz-yeterlik ve öz düzenleme davranışları arasındaki ilişki tespit etmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın katılımcıları Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinin hazırlık programına kayıtlı 202 öğrencidir. Bunların 64’ı kız ve 138’i erkek öğrencidir. Bu öğrencilere 44 sorudan oluşan bir anket verilmiş ve A2, B1 ve B1+ seviyeleri dikkate alınmış ve 18 ile 26 yaş aralığı İngilizce öğrencileri seçilmiştir. Tezin bulguları, katılımcıların ertelemecilik düzeyinin orta seviyede olduğunu göstermiştir. Katılımcıların ertelemecilikle ilgili sorulara verdikleri cevaplarla ilgili olarak İngilizce seviyeleri dikkate alındığında da seviyeler arasında herhangi bir farklılık bulunmamaktadır. Son olarak, ertelemeciliğin, İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen Türk öğrencilerinin benlik saygısı, öz-yeterlik ve öz-düzenleme alışkanlıkları ile olumsuz yönde ilişkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Academic Procrastination and Motivational Factors of Turkish EFL Learners: A Correlational Study

This study aims to assess the level of academic procrastination among Turkish EFL learners, and how it varies depending on their proficiency level of Turkish EFL learners. It attempts to explore the relationship between procrastination, self-esteem, self-efficacy and self-regulation among Turkish EFL learners. This research was conducted among students enrolled in a preparatory program at a state university in Turkey who were attempting to acquire English. There were 202 participants in total, with 64 females and 138 males. The participants were given a 44-item questionnaire to complete. There were three levels of proficiency involved in the study: A2, B1, and B1+. The participants are between the ages of 18 and 26. The findings revealed that Turkish EFL students had a moderate level of procrastination. There are no differences between the responses of the participants based on their English level. Procrastination was significantly negatively correlated with self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-regulation.

___

  • Abbasi, I. S., & Alghamdi, N. G. (2015). The prevalence, predictors, causes, treatment, and implications of procrastination behaviors in general, academic, and work setting. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 7(1), 59-66.
  • Adu, R. A. (2014). Predictors of indulgence in procrastinating behavior: Demographic variables and self-esteem. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(1), 41-56.
  • Al-Zoubi, A. (2017). Academic procrastination and its relationship to both self-efficacy and future anxiety; a sample of Damascus University students. Damascus University Magazine, 33(1), 441-484.
  • Amani, M., & Arbabi, M. M. (2020). The mediating role of academic self-Regulation in the relationship between parenting dimensions and academic procrastination. International Journal of School Health, 7(2), 21-29.
  • Aydogan, H., & Akbarov, A. (2018). A Case study on academic procrastination in EFL settings in Turkey. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 11, 79-88. Bakar, Z. A., & Khan, M. U. (2016). Relationships between self-efficacy and the academic procrastination behaviour among university students in Malaysia: A general perspective. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 10(3), 265-274.
  • Bandura A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Worth Publisher.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. NJ: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
  • Batool, S. S., Khursheed, S., & Jahangir, H. (2017). Academic procrastination as a product of low self-esteem: A mediational role of academic self-efficacy. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 32(1), 195-211.
  • Beck, B. L., Koons, S. R., & Milgrim, D. L. (2000). Correlates and consequences of behavioral procrastination: The effects of academic procrastination, self-consciousness, self-esteem and self-handicapping. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 3.
  • Beswick, G., Rothblum, E. D., & Mann, L. (1988). Psychological antecedents of student procrastination. Australian Psychologist, 23(2), 207-217.
  • Beutel, M. E., Klein, E. M., Aufenanger, S., Brähler, E., Dreier, M., Müller, K. W., & Wölfling, K. (2016). Procrastination, distress and life satisfaction across the age range–a German representative community study. PloS one, 11(2), 1-12, e0148054.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Factor analysis: Basic concepts and using to development scale. Educational Management, 8(4), 470-483.
  • Blascovich, J., Tomaka, J., Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Measures of self-esteem. Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes, 1, 115-160.
  • Çakıcı, D. Ç. (2003). An examination of the general procrastination behavior and academic procrastination behavior in high school and university students. [Master’s Thesis, Ankara University]. Ankara University Research Repository.
  • Chow, H. P. (2011). Procrastination among undergraduate students: effects of emotional intelligence, school life, self-evaluation, and self-efficacy. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 57(2), 234-240.
  • Chun Chu, A. H., & Choi, J. N. (2005). Rethinking procrastination: Positive effects of “active” procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(3), 245-264.
  • Clark, J. L., & Hill Jr, O. W. (1994). Academic procrastination among African-American college students. Psychological Reports, 75(2), 931-936.
  • Corkin, D. M., Shirley, L. Y., Wolters, C. A., & Wiesner, M. (2014). The role of the college classroom climate on academic procrastination. Learning and Individual Differences, 32, 294-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindi f.2014.04.001
  • Day, V., Mensink, D., & O’Sullivan, M. (2000). Patterns of academic procrastination. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 30(2), 120-134.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Fee, R. L., & Tangney, J. P. (2000). Procrastination: A means of avoiding shame or guilt? Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 167.
  • Ferrari, J. R. (1991). Compulsive procrastination: Some self-reported characteristics. Psychological Reports, 68(2), 455-458.
  • Ferrari, J. R. (1992). Procrastination in the workplace: Attributions for failure among individuals with similar behavioral tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(3), 315-319.
  • Ferrari, J. R. (2001). Procrastination as self‐regulation failure of performance: effects of cognitive load, self‐awareness, and time limits on ‘working best under pressure’. European Journal of Personality, 15(5), 391-406.
  • Ferrari, J. R., & Tice, D. M. (2000). Procrastination as a self-handicap for men and women: A task-avoidance strategy in a laboratory setting. Journal of Research in personality, 34(1), 73-83.
  • Ferrari, J. R., Johnson, J. L., & McCown, W. G. (1995). Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Geng, J., Han, L., Gao, F., Jou, M., & Huang, C. C. (2018). Internet addiction and procrastination among Chinese young adults: A moderated mediation model. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 320-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.013
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
  • Gist, M. E., & Mitchell, T. R. (1992). Self-efficacy: A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability. Academy of Management Review, 17(2), 183-211.
  • Gröpel, P., & Kuhl, J. (2009). Work–life balance and subjective well‐being: The mediating role of need fulfilment. British Journal of Psychology, 100(2), 365-375.
  • Hen, M., & Goroshit, M. (2014). Academic procrastination, emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, and GPA: A comparison between students with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 47(2), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219412439325
  • Hong, J. C., Hwang, M. Y., Kuo, Y. C., & Hsu, W. Y. (2015). Parental monitoring and helicopter parenting relevant to vocational student’s procrastination and self-regulated learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 42, 139-146.
  • Howell, A. J., & Buro, K. (2009). Implicit beliefs, achievement goals, and procrastination: A mediational analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(1), 151-154.
  • Howell, A. J., & Watson, D. C. (2007). Procrastination: Associations with achievement goal orientation and learning strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(1), 167-178.
  • Howell, A. J., Watson, D. C., Powell, R. A., & Buro, K. (2006). Academic procrastination: The pattern and correlates of behavioural postponement. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1519-1530.
  • Hussain, I., & Sultan, S. (2010). Analysis of procrastination among university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1897-1904.
  • Isaac, S., & Michael, W. B. (1995). Handbook in research and evaluation: A collection of principles, methods, and strategies useful in the planning, design, and evaluation of studies in education and the behavioral sciences. San Diego: CA, Edits publishers.
  • Kachgal, M. M., Hansen, L. S., & Nutter, K. J. (2001). Academic procrastination prevention/intervention: Strategies and recommendations. Journal of Developmental Education, 25(1), 14.
  • Kandemir, M. (2014). Predictors of academic procrastination: coping with stress, internet addiction and academic motivation. World Applied Sciences Journal, 32(5), 930-938.
  • Karaoglu, B., & Yalçin, I. (2020). Relationship between learned resourcefulness and academic procrastination in students studying in sports departments. International Education Studies, 13(7), 88-94.
  • Katz, I., Eilot, K., & Nevo, N. (2014). “I’ll do it later”: Type of motivation, self-efficacy and homework procrastination. Motivation and Emotion, 38(1), 111-119.
  • Kınık, Ö., & Odacı, H. (2020). Effects of dysfunctional attitudes and depression on academic procrastination: does self-esteem have a mediating role? British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 48(5), 638-649.
  • Klassen, R. M., & Kuzucu, E. (2009). Academic procrastination and motivation of adolescents in Turkey. Educational Psychology, 29(1), 69-81.
  • Klassen, R. M., Krawchuk, L. L., & Rajani, S. (2008). Academic procrastination of undergraduates: Low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher levels of procrastination. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(4), 915-931.
  • Lay, C. H., & Schouwenburg, H. C. (1993). Trait procrastination, time management. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8(4), 647-662.
  • Lee, E. (2005). The relationship of motivation and flow experience to academic procrastination in university students. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 166(1), 5-15.
  • Li, L., Gao, H., & Xu, Y. (2020). The mediating and buffering effect of academic self-efficacy on the relationship between smartphone addiction and academic procrastination. Computers & Education, 159, 1-11, 104001.
  • Motie, H., Heidari, M., & Sadeghi, M. A. (2012). Predicting academic procrastination during self-regulated learning in Iranian first grade high school students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 2299-2308.
  • Ojo, A. A. (2019). The impact of procrastination on students’ academic performance in secondary schools. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Research, 5(1), 17- 22.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Academic procrastination and statistics anxiety. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(1), 3-19. Özer, B. U., Saçkes, M., & Tuckman, B. W. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Tuckman procrastination scale in a Turkish sample. Psychological Reports, 113(3), 874-884.
  • Philips, M. (2012). Does locus of control task interest have an effect on procrastination? The Huron University College Journal of Learning and Motivation, 50(1), 8.
  • Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1991). A manual for the use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, National Center for Research to Improve Postsecondary Teaching and Learning.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Saracaloğlu, A. S., & Gökdaş, İ. (2016). Variables that predict academic procrastination behavior in prospective primary school teachers. Journal of Educational Science Research, 6(1), 43-61.
  • Schouwenburg, H. C., & Lay, C. H. (1995). Trait procrastination and the big-five factors of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 18(4), 481-490.
  • Schraw, G., Wadkins, T., & Olafson, L. (2007). Doing the things we do: A grounded theory of academic procrastination. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(1), 12.
  • Senécal, C., Koestner, R., & Vallerand, R. J. (1995). Self-regulation and academic procrastination. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(5), 607-619.
  • Shi, X., Wang, S., Liu, S., Zhang, T., Chen, S., & Cai, Y. (2019). Are procrastinators psychologically healthy? Association between psychosocial problems and procrastination among college students in Shanghai, China: A syndetic approach. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 24(5), 570-577. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2018.1546017
  • Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503.
  • Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65.
  • Steel, P. (2010). The procrastination equation: How to stop putting things off and start getting stuff done. Toronto: Random House Canada.
  • Steel, P., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2016). Academic procrastination: Psychological antecedents revisited. Australian Psychologist, 51(1), 36-46.
  • Tuckman, B. W. (1991). The development and concurrent validity of the procrastination scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51(2), 473-480.
  • Tuckman, B. W., & Sexton, T. L. (1992). Self-believers are self-motivated; self-doubters are not. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(4), 425-428.
  • Van Eerde, W. (2003). A meta-analytically derived nomological network of procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(6), 1401-1418.
  • Victor, S. R., & Patil, U. (2016). Work engagement and teacher autonomy among secondary school teachers. Hamburg: Anchor Academic Publishing.
  • Wäschle, K., Allgaier, A., Lachner, A., Fink, S., & Nückles, M. (2014). Procrastination and self-efficacy: Tracing vicious and virtuous circles in self-regulated learning. Learning and Instruction, 29, 103-114.
  • Wolters, C. A. (2003). Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 179.
  • Wu, F., & Fan, W. (2017). Academic procrastination in linking motivation and achievement-related behaviours: A perspectiv of expectancy-value theory. Educational Psychology, 37(6), 695-711. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1202901
  • Zusya, A. R., & Akmal, S. Z. (2016). The relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination in students who are completing their thesis. Psympathic: Scientific Journal of Psychology, 3(2), 191-200.