Lexıcal markers wıthın the unıversıty lecture

Bugüne kadar üniversite derslerindeki söylemle anlam ve etkileşim arasındaki bağdaşıklığı ilişkilendiren kısıtlı sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Burada Yunanca’daki lipόn, ára, ve oréa edatlarını baz alarak ve Konuşma Çözümlemesi ile bir üniversite dersindeki kullanımlarını inceleyerek anlam ve etkileşim arasındaki ilişkinin bir yönü araştırılmıştır. İncelenen sözcükler geleneksel olarak söylem belirleyicileri olarak anlandırılmış olan kategoriye girmektedirler. Çalışmamızda üniversite dersi türüne odaklanmakta ve adı geçen söylem belirleyicilerinin akademik konuşma söylemindeki iletişimsel amacını çözümlemekteyiz.

Scarce research relating the spoken lecture discourse and the correlation between meaning and interaction has been carried out to date. One aspect of the relationship between meaning and interaction is explored here by taking the Greek particles lipόn (“well”), ára (“so”), oréa (“fine”), and investigating their use within a university lecture by using the tools of the conversation analytic tradition. The lexical items under study fit into the category of what has traditionally been framed as discourse markers. In this study we centre our attention on the lecture genre and we analyze the communicative purpose of the aforementioned discourse markers within spoken academic discourse.

___

Archakis, A. (2001). On discourse markers: Evidence from Modern Greek. Journal of Pragmatics, 33 (8), 1235-1261.

Archakis, A. (2002). Information management in discourse: Evidence from the analysis of the discourse marker diladi in classroom interaction”. Pedagogikos Logos, 2, 201-209 [in Greek].

Arvaniti, A. (2002). The maintenance of diglossia in Cyprus and the emergence of Cypriot Standard Greek. MS

Babiniotis, G. (1998). Leksiko tis neas Ellinikis glossas (Dictionary of the Modern Greek language). Athens: Kentro Lexikologias.

Benson, M. J. (1989). The academic listening task: a case study. TESOL Quarterly 23 (3), 421-445.

Benson, M. J. (1994). Lecture listening in an ethnographic perspective. In J. Flowerdew (Ed.), Academic English: research perspectives, 181-198. Cambridge: CUP.

Blackmore, D. (1992). Understanding utterances. An introduction to pragmatics. Oxford: Blackwell.

Chaudron, C. & Richards, J. C. (1986). The effect of discourse markers on the comprehension of lectures. Applied Linguistics, 7 (2), 113-127.

Clift, R. (2001). Meaning in interaction: The case of actually. Language, 77 (2), 245-291.

Cook, J. R. S. (1975). A communicative approach to the analysis of extended monologue discourse and its relevance to the development of teaching materials for ESP.Unpublished M. Litt. Thesis. Edinburg: University of Edinburg.

Coulthard M. &. Montgomery, M. (1981). The structure of monologue. In Coulthard M. & M. Montgomery (eds.), Studies in discourse analysis, 31-39. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Davy, J., Ioannou Y., and Panayiotou A. (1996). French and English loans in Cypriot diglossia. Travaux de la maison del’ Orient méditerranéen 25: Chypre hier et aujourd’hui entre Orient et Occident, 127-136. Lyon: Maison del’ Orient méditerranéen

Drew, P & Holt, E. (1998). Figures of speech: Idiomatic expressions and the management of topic transition in conversation. Language in Society, 27, 495–522.

Ferguson, A. C. (1959). Diglossia. In P. P. Giglioli (1982) (ed.), Language and Social Context, 232-251. London: Penguin Books.

Georgakopoulou, A. and Goutsos, D. (1998). Conjunctions versus discourse markers in Greek: the interaction of frequency, position, and functions in context. Linguistics, 36, 887-917.

Goffman, Erving (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. New York: Harper and Row.

Goffman, Erving (1979). In Semiotica 25, 1- 29. Reprinted in E. Goffman and D. Hymes (1981) (eds.), Forms of talk, 124-161. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Hutchby, I. & Drew, P. (1995). Conversation analysis. In Verschueren, J, J.-O. Östman, J. Blommaert and C. Bulacaen (eds.), Handbook of pragmatics, 182-189. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Johs, A. M. (1981). Necessary English: A faculty survey. TESOL Quarterly, 15, 51-57.

Karyolemou, M. (1997). Accommodation theory and the use of the aorist in the Cypriot variety. In G. Drachman, A. Malikouti-Drachman, J. Fykias and C. Klidi (eds.), Greek Linguistics: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Greek Linguistics 2, 707-726. Salzburg: W. Neugebauer Verlag GmbH.

Karyolemou, M. (2000a). Le chypriote: dialecte ou idiome. In A. P. Christides (ed.), La langue grecque et ses dialects, 111-115. Athens: Greek Republic, Direction of International Relations and Centre for the Greek Language (bilingual edition).

Karyolemou, M. and Pavlou P. (2001). Language attitudes and assessment of salient variables in a bi-dialectal speech community. In J. Fontana et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the first International Conference on Language Variation in Europe, 110-120. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra.

Kintsch, W & Yarbrough, J. C. (1982). Role of rhetorical structure in text comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74 (6), 828-834.

Lakoff, R. (1973). Questionable answers and answerable questions. In. Kachru, B., R. B. Lees, Y. Malkiel, A. Pietrangeli, and S. Saporta (eds.), Issues in linguistics. Papers in honor of Henry and Rente Kahane, 453-467. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

Lerner, G. (1992). Assisted storytelling: Displaying shared knowledge as a practical matter. Qualitative Sociology, 15 (3), 247-271.

Mehan, H. (1985). The structure of classroom discourse. In T. A. Dijk (ed.), Handbook of Discourse Analysis, vol III, 120-31. New York: Academic Press.

Moschonas, S. (2002). Koini glossa kai dialektos: To zitima tis glossikis dimorfias stin Kipro (Common language and dialect: The issue of the linguistic diglossia in Cyprus). Nea Estia, 151 (1745), 898-928.

Murphy, D. F. & Candlin, C. N. (1979). Engineering lecture discourse and listening comprehension. Practical papers in English Language Education, 2, 1-79. Lancaster: University of Lancaster.

Papapavlou, Andreas and Pavlou P. (1998). A review of the sociolinguistic aspects of the Greek Cypriot dialect. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 19 (3), 212-220.

Pomerantz, A. (1984). Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments: some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes. In J. M. Atkinson and J. Heritage (eds.), Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis, 57-101. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Redeker, G. (1990). Identical and pragmatic markers of discourse structure. Journal of Pragmatics, 14, 367-381.

Richards, J. C. 1983. Listening comprehension: approach, design, procedure. TESOL Quarterly, 17 (2), 219-239.

Sacks, H. (1987). On the preference for agreement and contiguity in sequences in conversation. In G. Button and J. R. E. Lee (eds.), Talk and social organization, 54–69. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Sacks, H. (1992a). Lectures on conversation, [1964-1968], volume I. Edited by G. Jefferson. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Sacks, H. (1992b). Lectures on conversation, [1968-1972], volume II. Edited by G. Jefferson. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Sacks, H., Schegloff, E & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50, 696-735.

Schegloff, E. (1988). On an actual virtual servo-mechanism for guessing bad news: A single case conjecture. Social Problems, 32, 442–57.

Schegloff, E. (2007). Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis, Volume 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Schegloff, E., Ochs, E. & Thompson, S. (1996). Introduction. In E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff & S. A. Thomson. (Eds.), Interaction and grammar, 1-52. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Schiffrin, D. (1985). Conversational coherence: The role of ‘well’. Language, 61 (3), 640- 667.

Schiffrin, D. (1987). Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Schourup, L.C. (1982). Common discourse particles in English conversation. NewYork: Garland.

Stavropoulos, D. N. (1988). Oxford Greek-English learner's dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Svartvik, J. (1980). ‘Well’ in conversation. In S. Greenbaum, G. Leech and J. Svartvik (eds.). Studies in English linguistics for Randolph Quirk, 167-177. London: Longman.

Watts, R. J. (1989). Taking the pitcher to the ‘well’. Native speakers’ perception of their use of discourse markers in conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 13, 203-237.

Waggoner, M. (1984). The new technologies versus the lecture tradition in higher education: is change possible? Educational Technologies, 24 (3), 7-12