Kahramanmaraş ili kiraz bahçelerinde bulunan yabancı ot türlerinin, yaygınlıklarının ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi

Amaç: Yabancı otların kimyasal mücadelesinde başarılı sonuçlar almak için öncelikle yabancı ot türlerini ve yoğunluğunun bilinmesi gerekir. Bu çalışmada Kahramanmaraş ili kiraz bahçelerinde yabancı ot türünü, yoğunluğunu, sıklığını ve genel kaplama alanını tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Bu araştırma, Kahramanmaraş ili (11 ilçe) kiraz bahçelerinde yabancı ot türlerini, yoğunluğunu ve rastlama sıklığını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Andırın kiraz bahçelerinde yabancı otların yoğunluğu bakımından en yüksek yoğunluğa sahip olduğu tespit edildi ve bunu sırasıyla Dulkadiroğlu, Göksun, Onikişubat, Turkoğlu, Elbistan, Afşin, Ekinözü, Çaglayancerit, Pazarcik ve Nurhak ilçeleri takip etti. Her yabancı ot türünün ortalama yoğunluğuna gelince; Elymus repens (L.) Gould., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ve Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. çok yoğun bulundu. Öte yandan, E. repens, S. halepense ve C. dactylon rastlama sıklığı tüm ilçelerde % 33.40 ile % 66.80 arasında hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, Equisetum arvense L. rastlama sıklığı sadece Göksun ilçesinde % 50'den fazla görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, yabancı otların genel kaplama alanı E. repens, S. halepense, C. dactylon ve E. arvense türleri için % 20.0 ila 42.0 arasında değişmiştir. Genel Yorum: Kahramanmaraş'taki kiraz bahçelerinde yapılan araştırmalarda, yüz altmış dört yabancı ot türü, otuz üç familyaya ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunlar, bir Pteridophyta, yirmi dört Monokotiledon ve yüz otuz dokuz Dikotiledon’dur. Kiraz bahçesinde yabancı ot yoğunluğu, rastlama sıklığı ve kaplama alanı ilçelere göre farklı bulunmuştur. Ancak Andırın'daki yabancı ot türleri diğer ilçelerden daha fazla yoğun bulunmuştur. Ayrıca E. arvense sadece Göksun ilçesinde önemli bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Kahramanmaraş ili kiraz bahçelerinde tespit edilen yabancı ot tür yoğunluğu ilçeden ilçeye değişkenlik gösterdiği bu çalışmayla ortaya konmuştur. Yabancı ot tür yoğunluğu açısından rizom ve stolon köke sahip yabancı ot türleri kiraz ağaçları için önemli bir tehdittir. Genç kiraz bahçelerinde geniş yapraklı yabancı ot türleri çok yoğunken 15 ve üzeri yaşlı bahçelerde ise dar yapraklı yabancı ot türlerin yoğun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle yabancı otlarla mücadelede hem dar hem de geniş yapraklı yabancı otlar hedef alınmalıdır.

Determination of weed species, their frequency and densities in cherry orchards in Kahramanmaras province, Turkey

Aims: In order to achieve successful chemical control of weeds, the species and density of weeds should be known. The aim of this study was to determine the species, density, frequency and general coverage area of the weeds in cherry orchards in Kahramanmaras province. Methods and Results: This survey was conducted to determine the species, density and frequency of weeds in cherry orchards of Kahramanmaras province (11 districts). It was determined that the density of the weeds in Andırın cherry orchards had the highest density followed by Dulkadiroglu, Göksun, Onikisubat, Turkoglu, Elbistan, Afsin, Ekinözü, Caglayancerit, Pazarcik and Nurhak districts, respectively. As for the average density of each weed species; Elymus repens (L.) Gould., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. were found to be very dense. The frequencies of E. repens, S. halepense and C. Dactylon; on the other hand, were calculated as between 33.40% and 66.80% in all districts. In addition, the frequency of Equisetum arvense L. was calculated to be higher than 50% in Göksun district alone. The general coverage of weeds; however, ranged from 20.0% to 42.0% for E. repens, S. halepense, C. dactylon and E. arvense species. Conclusions: Research carried out in the cherry orchards in Kahramanmaras revealed that one hundred and sixty-four weed species belong to thirty-three families. These are; one Pteridophyta, twenty-four Monocotyledons, and one hundred and thirty-nine Dicotyledons. Weed density, frequency and covering area in the cherry orchards were found to be different among districts. However, weed species in Andırın were more intense than in other districts. Also, E. arvense was found to be important only in Göksun district. Significance and Impact of the Study: The density of weed species determined in cherry orchards in Kahramanmaraş province has been shown to vary from one district to the other. Weed species in rhizome and stolon root in terms of density is an important threat for cherry trees. Broad-leaved weed species were very dense in young cherry orchards; whereas, narrow-leaved weed species were found to be dense in older orchards aged 15 and over. In controlling weeds, especially narrow and broad-leaved weeds should be targeted.

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