Sürdürülebilirlik kavramı ve işletmeler açısından sürdürülebilir üretim stratejileri

Son yıllarda dünyada yaşanan iklimsel ve çevreyle ilgili değişimlerin etkileri ve nedenleri birçok kavramla birlikte sürdürülebilirlik kavramının da görünürlüğünü arttırmıştır. Sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanabilmesi konusu farklı bilim dalları kapsamında birçok boyutuyla ele alınmaktadır. Uygulama açısından işletme faaliyetleri içinde, özellikle üretim süreçlerinin yönetilmesinde mevcut teori ve yaklaşımların bir çatı altında toplanıp irdelenmesi gereği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada önce sürdürülebilirlik kavramı çeşitli boyutlarıyla ele alınmış; ekonomi bilimi içerisinde kalkınma boyutu incelenmiş ve ardından sürdürülebilirliğin değerlemesi konusu incelenmiştir. Daha sonra sürdürülebilirliğin üretim faaliyetleri açısından ne ifade ettiği ayrıntılı olarak irdelenmiş ve işletmeler açısından üretimin sürdürülebilir kılınması için kullanılan güncel stratejiler belirlenip beş ana yaklaşım çatısı altında sınıflandırılarak incelenmiştir. Bunlar sırasıyla doğa kapitalizmi yaklaşımı, çevre odaklı stratejiler, temiz üretim yaklaşımı, yeşil üretim yaklaşımı ile yalın ve yeşil yaklaşımıdır. Temel sorun, bu yaklaşımların nasıl uygulanacağı ve işletme bünyesi tarafından nasıl kabul edileceğidir. Bu sorun dikkate alındığında ve modern üretim yönetimi yaklaşımlarına uygulamada yön veren en yaygın anlayışın da yalın düşünce ürünü olması göz önüne alındığında, bu çalışmada ele alınan sürdürülebilir üretim stratejileri arasında yalın ve yeşil yaklaşımı öne çıkmaktadır.

Concept of sustainability and sustainable production strategies for business practices

The developments experienced recently related to climate and environmental changes have increased the visibility of sustainability as a concept. Different dimensions of sustainability achievement have been the topic of different disciplines. In terms of its application in business activities, especially in production process management, there has been a crucial need for a systematical organization of existing theories and approaches. For this purpose, in this study, the concept of sustainability is analyzed with regard to its various aspects; its developmental dimension is investigated within the field of economics; and the its valuation and reporting is examined. Then, the meaning of sustainability for production activities is discussed in detail and strategies used in achieving sustainability in production are presented and categorized under five approaches. These five approaches are analyzed under the titles of nature capitalism, environmentally conscious strategies, clean production approach, green production approach and lean and green approach. The main problem, however, remains to be how these approaches and strategies are going to be received and applied by business organizations. Taking this real-life problem into account and considering that lean thinking has been the most common guiding principle of modern production management; lean and green approach appears to be the most prominent among the sustainable production strategies discussed in this study.

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