Avrupa insan hakları sözleşmesi ve Türk hukukunda vicdani ret

Vicdani ret, kişinin ahlaki, dini ya da siyasi görüşleri nedeniyle silâhaltına alınmayı reddetmesidir. Günümüzde, başta Avrupa ülkeleri olmak üzere birçok ülkenin vicdani reddi bir hak olarak tanıdıkları görülmektedir. Bu yazının amacı, vicdani ret sorununun Avrupa İnsan Hakları sözleşmesi (AİHS, Sözleşme) ve Türk hukuku çerçevesinde incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla çalışmada önce genel olarak vicdani reddin gelişim süreci ve vicdani retle ilgili uluslararası düzenlemeler ele alınmış daha sonra, AİHS ve Türk hukuku irdelenmiştir. Bu tartışma ve incelemenin sonunda, AİHS’in vicdani redde doğrudan yer vermediği; ancak Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM) kararlarında vicdani reddin dolaylı olarak korunduğu; Türk hukukunda ise vicdani retle ilgili bir düzenlemeye yer verilmediği, Anayasa’nın vicdani ret hakkını engellemediği ancak yasalarımızda vicdani ret hakkı ile çatışan düzenlemelerin olduğu görülmüştür.

Conscientious objection in framework of European Convention on Human Rights and Turkish Law

Conscientious objection is an individual’s refusal to serve in the military due to moral, religious or political reasons. Today, many countries, especially European countries, reconnize conscientious objection as one of individual rights. This study analyzes the problem of conscientious objection in framework of Turkish Law and European Convention on Human Rights. To this end, the study first looks at the development process of and international regulations about the right of conscientious objection and and later considers the Turkish Law and the ECHR about the subject. The study concludes that although the ECHR does not directly include the right of conscientious objection, the European Court of Human Rights protects this righs indirectly through its decisions. Also, there is no regulation about the right of conscientios objection in Turkish Law including the Turkish Constitution. The Constitution does not prohibit this right however tehere are rules in Turkish legal systm conflicting with this right.

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