Samet TEKELİOĞLU, MEHMET FATİH KAYA, Levent ŞENDOĞDULAR

Güneş Enerjisi Depolama Malzemelerinin Bugünü, Yarını ve Geleceği

Fosil yakıtların tükenmeye başlaması ve bu yakıtların yan ürünleri olarak ortaya çıkan sera gazı salınımları, bunun yanı sıra artan küresel enerji talebi ve çevresel endişeler, güneş, biyoyakıt, hidrotermal enerji gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının potansiyelinin daha da detaylı araştırılmasına yol açmıştır. Bunlar arasında termal güneş enerjisi sistemleri yenilenebilir enerji sistemleri içerisinde güneş ışığına kolay erişilebilir olması, elde edilen verimlilik değerleri ve etkili bir enerji dönüşümü sağlanması sebebiyle çok yaygın olarak tercih edilen sistemler haline gelmiştir. Şimdiye kadar farklı termal depolama biçimleri, özellikle termokimyasal depolama (TCS), artık ısıl depolama (LHS) ve hissedilir ısı depolaması (SHS) ilgili kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bunların yanı sıra literatürde de ana enerji depolama sistemleri olarak mekanik enerji depolama sistemlerine de odaklanan çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ek olarak, bataryalar gibi elektrokimyasal enerji depolama sistemleri yüksek enerji dönüşüm verimleri sayesinde giderek daha fazla popülerlik kazanmaktadır. Çeşitli güneş depolama yöntemleri için yakın zamanda araştırılan malzemeler, teorik sınırlara henüz ulaşılmadığı için güneş enerjisi depolama malzemeleri konusu araştırmacılar için büyük bir potansiyel göstermektedir. Ancak bu çalışmaların çoğu halen deneysel aşamada olup bu değerlendirme çalışmasında güneş enerjisi depolaması ile ilgili malzeme temelli bu potansiyel çalışmalara bir bakış açısı sunulması sağlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Güneş Enerjisi, depolama malzemeleri, bataryalar

Today, Tomorrow, and the Future of Energy Storage Materials for Solar Energy

Increasing global energy demand and environmental concerns due to the emissions of greenhouse gases as by-products of fossil fuel consumption have led to the exploration of the potential of renewable energy sources such as solar, biofuel, hydrothermal energy etc. Among these, solar thermal energy is becoming a highly desirable source of renewable energy because of the widespread availability of solar radiations and the progress achieved in its efficiency and effectiveness. Different forms of thermal storage especially thermochemical storage (TCS), latent heat storage (LHS), and sensible heat storage (SHS) have been reported so far. Likewise, there are studies in the literature which also focus on the main mechanical energy storage systems. In addition, electrochemical energy storage devices like batteries are increasingly gaining popularity due to their highly efficient energy conversion values. Recently investigated materials for various solar storage forms show great potential as the future storage materials since theoretical limits are not reached yet; however, they are still in the experimental stage and this paper presents glimpse of those potential studies.

Keywords:

Solar energy, storage materials, batteries,

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