SAHA KOŞULLARINDA DEPOLANAN BİYOKÜTLE YAKITLARINDA OLUŞAN KURU MADDE KAYIPLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Biyokütleden enerji üretiminde, girdi maliyetlerinin en yüksek parametresi lojistik operasyonlardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Mevsimsel tedarik koşulları ele alınarak karakterize edildiğinde biyokütle lojistiğindeki en önemli konu depolama süreçleridir. Heterojen yapısı nedeniyle katı biyokütlenin uygun bir şekilde depolanması ve efektif yakılması, fosil yakıtlarla mukayese edildiğinde çok daha zor ve sorunlu olabilmektedir. Depolama sürecinde biyokütle enerjisinde ciddi kayıplar oluşabileceği için uygun depolama şartlarının belirlenmesinin önemi açıktır. Yakıtın kullanıma uygun olarak saklanabilmesi hem teknik hem de ekonomik açıdan hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada; 13 aylık periyotta ve farklı iklim koşullarında 5 farklı biyokütle hammaddesinin (saz kamışı, mısır sapı, çam kapağı, kavak kapağı, ağaç kökü) açık alanda depolanmasının hammadde bazında karakterizasyonu, nem içeriği, enerji içeriği, kuru madde kaybı ve kül miktarı değişimleri incelenmiştir. Silolarda ürün bazında deney başlangıcında yapılan ilk tartım ve son tartım arasında oluşan fark üzerinden hesaplanan toplam kuru madde kayıpları; kavak kapağında %38, mısır sapında %35, çam kapağında %32, ağaç kökünde %25 saz kamışında ise %11 oranında çıkmıştır. Toplam kuru madde kaybı içeriğinde, nemden kaynaklı kuru madde kaybı %92 ile en yüksek ağaç kökünde, mikrobiyolojik bozulmadan kaynaklı kuru madde kaybı oranı ise %86 ile en yüksek mısır sapında gerçekleşmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyokütle, Depolama, Kuru Madde Kaybı, Nem İçeriği, Yakıt Kalitesi, Enerji İçeriği, Biomass, Storage, Dry Matter Loss, Moisture Content, Fuel Quality, Energy Content

INVESTIGATION OF DRY MATERIAL LOSSES CAUSED BY STORING FIVE DIFFERENT BIOMASS SOLID FUEL UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

In energy production from biomass, the highest parameter of input costs arises from logistics operations. When characterized by considering seasonal supply conditions, the most important issue in biomass logistics is storage processes. Due to its heterogeneous nature, proper storage and effective combustion of solid biomass can be much more difficult and problematic compared to fossil fuels. The importance of determining the appropriate storage conditions is obvious, as serious losses in biomass energy may occur during the storage process. Storing the fuel suitable for use is of vital importance, both technically and economically. In this study, the characterization, moisture content, energy content, dry matter loss and ash content changes of the open storage of 5 different biomass raw materials (reed cane, cornstalk, pine, poplar, tree root) in different climatic conditions over a 13-month period were investigated statistically. Total dry matter losses calculated on the basis of the difference between the first weighing and the last weighing at the beginning of the test on the basis of the product in the silos are 38% for poplar cover, 35% for corn stalk, 32% for pine cover, 25% for tree roots and 11% for reed cane. In the total dry matter loss content, the highest dry matter loss rate due to moisture was in the tree root with 92%, and the dry matter loss rate due to microbiological degradation was the highest in corn straw with 86%.

Keywords:

Biomass, Storage, Dry Matter Loss, Moisture Content, Fuel Quality, Energy Content,

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