Hakan TAVUKÇU, Bora DEVRİM, Harun Kemal ÖZTÜRK

FARKLI MALZEME VE ŞEKİLLERDEKİ PAKETLERİN YÜKLENMESİNİN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ VE PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: TİCARI BUZDOLABI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Ticari soğutucular, gıda servisi, konaklama ve perakende gibi çeşitli endüstrilerde ticari kullanım için özel olarak tasarlanmıştır. Tasarımları amaçlarına göre değişik şekil, boyut ve yapılandırmalarda gelirler. En yaygın olanları arasında, şişe soğutucuları, şarap dolapları, dondurma dolapları yer alır. Soğutma sistemi, ticari bir soğutucu satın alırken göz önünde bulundurulması gereken önemli bir faktördür ve zorlanmış hava taşınımlı soğutma en yaygın tiptir. Enerji tüketimi, boyut, tip ve kullanım durumuna bağlı olarak değişebilir ve birçok model artık enerji tasarruflu olacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Kapasite, gürültü seviyesi ve ayarlanabilir sıcaklık kontrolü, enerji verimliliği, otomatik kapanan kapılar, güvenlik kilitlemeleri ve iç aydınlatma gibi belirli özellikler de dikkate alınması gereken diğer önemli faktörler arasındadır. Çalışmaya, içecekleri soğutmak için tasarlanmış bir ticari soğutucunun Alüminyum Kutular ve PET şişeler için istenen sıcaklığa ulaşmak için gereken süreyi belirleyen IPD testi ve istenen aralıktaki sıcaklıkta soğutmak için tasarlanmış bir ticari şişe soğutucusunun tamamen stabil enerji tüketimini ölçen bir enerji testi de dahil edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ticari soğutucular, enerji tüketimi, enerji verimliliği, soğutma süresi

A REVIEW ON COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATOR: THE EFFECT OF LOADING PACKAGES WITH DIFFERENT MATERIALS AND SHAPES ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PERFORMANCE

Commercial coolers are specifically designed for commercial use in a variety of industries such as food service, hospitality and retail. They come in different shapes, sizes, and configurations, with features and capabilities that vary depending on the intended use. The most common types are beverage coolers, wine cabinets, ice cream cabinets, glass front coolers. The cooling system is an important factor to consider when purchasing a commercial cooler, and the most common type is forced air cooling. Energy consumption can vary depending on size, type and use, and many models are now designed to be energy efficient. Other important factors to consider include capacity, noise level and certain features such as adjustable temperature control, energy efficiency, self-closing doors, interlocks and interior lighting. The study includes an IPD test that measures the energy consumption of a complete cooler, as well as determining the time it takes for a commercial cooler designed to cool beverages to reach the desired temperature from ambient to ambient temperature for Aluminum Cans and PET bottles. Stabilized commercial bottle cooler.

Keywords:

Commercial coolers, energy consumption, energy efficiency, cooling time,

PDF

___

Albayati, I. M., Postnikov, A., Pearson, S., Bickerton, R., Zolotas, A., and Bingham, C. (2020). Power and energy analysis for a commercial retail refrigeration system responding to a static demand side response. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 117, 105645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105645
Bahar, E. M., Erten, S., and Aktaş, M. (2021). An Experimental Study Towards Decreasing the Energy Efficiency Index Value in Industrial Refrigerators. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 9 (3), 432-445. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.903320
Bierma, T. J., Jin, G., and Bazan, C. N. (2019). Food Donation and Food Safety: Challenges, Current Practices, and the Road Ahead. Journal of Environmental Health, 81(10).
Brown, W. K. (2000). Operation and maintenance of evaporative coolers. ASHRAE journal, 42(7), 27.
Chua, K. J., Chou, S. K., Yang, W. M., and Yan, J. (2013). Achieving better energy-efficient air conditioning–a review of technologies and strategies. Applied Energy, 104, 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.037
Cortella, G., Coppola, M. A., and D'Agaro, P. (2021). Sizing and control rules of dedicated mechanical subcooler in trans critical CO2 booster systems for commercial refrigeration. Applied Thermal Engineering, 193, 116953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116953
Deneen, M. A., and Gross, A. C. (2002). The global commercial refrigeration equipment market. (Focus on Industries and Markets). Business Economics, 37(1), 54-61.
EERE, 2023, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers, https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-refrigerators-and-freezers
Garces, E., van Blommestein, K., Anthony, J., Hillegas-Elting, J., Daim, T., and Yoon, B. S. (2017). Technology domain analysis: A case of energy-efficient advanced commercial refrigeration technologies. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 12, 221-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2017.08.002
Garcia, J. M., and Coelho, L. M. R. (2010). Energy efficiency strategies in refrigeration systems of large supermarkets. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 4 (3), 63-70.
Girotto, S., Minetto, S., and Neksa, P. (2004). Commercial refrigeration system using CO2 as the refrigerant. International journal of refrigeration, 27 (7), 717-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.07.004
Hardenburg, R. E., Watada, A. E., and Wang, C. Y. (1986). The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks (No. 66). US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
Kaushik Bhattacharje CEM (2008) Energy Conservation Opportunities in an Industrial Refrigeration System, Energy Engineering, 105:5, 55-63, https://doi: 10.1080/01998590809509389
Liu, X., Zhang, C. F., Zhou, J. G., Xiong, X., and Wang, Y. P. (2022). Thermal performance of battery thermal management system using fins to enhance the combination of thermoelectric Cooler and phase change. Material. Applied Energy, 322, 119503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119503
Llopis, R., Sánchez, D., Cabello, R., Catalán-Gil, J., and Nebot-Andrés, L. (2017a). Experimental analysis of R-450A and R-513A as replacements of R-134a and R-507A in a medium temperature commercial refrigeration system. International journal of refrigeration, 84, 52-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.08.022
Llopis, R., Sánchez, D., Cabello, R., Nebot-Andrés, L., and Catalán-Gil, J. (2017b). R-407H as drop-in of R-404A. Experimental analysis in a low temperature direct expansion commercial refrigeration system. International Journal of Refrigeration, 80, 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.08.022
Llopis, R., Sánchez, D., Sanz-Kock, C., Cabello, R., and Torrella, E. (2015). Energy and environmental comparison of two-stage solutions for commercial refrigeration at low temperature: Fluids and systems. Applied Energy, 138, 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.069
Maina, P., and Huan, Z. (2015). A review of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in refrigeration technology. South African Journal of Science, 111 (9-10), 01-10. https://doi.10.17159/sajs.2015/20140258
Minetto, S., Rossetti, A., and Marinetti, S. (2018). Seasonal energy efficiency ratio for remote condensing units in commercial refrigeration systems. International Journal of Refrigeration, 85, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.09.013
Montagner, G. P., and Melo, C. (2014). A study on carbon dioxide cycle architectures for light-commercial refrigeration systems. International journal of refrigeration, 42, 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2014.02.001
Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á., Molés, F., Peris, B., and Verdú, G. (2015). Commercial refrigeration–an overview of current status. International journal of refrigeration, 57, 186-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.04.013
Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á., Molés, F., Peris, B., & Verdú, G., (2015). Commercial refrigeration–an overview of current status. International journal of refrigeration, 57, 186-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.04.013
Mukherjee, P. K., Gibbs, E., Walia, A., and Taylor, C. (2020). Staying cool: The development of India's pioneering energy efficiency policy for chillers. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 9 (4), e372. https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.372
Park, W. Y., Shah, N., Jacob T., Ding, C. and Karali N., (2021). Climate-Friendly and Energy-Efficient Commercial Refrigerators, Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, United Nations Environment Programme – United for Efficiency (U4E).
Polzot, A., D'Agaro, P., Gullo, P., and Cortella, G. (2016). Modelling commercial refrigeration systems coupled with water storage to improve energy efficiency and perform heat recovery. International Journal of Refrigeration, 69, 313-323.
Rivers, N. (2005). Management of energy usage in a supermarket refrigeration systems. The Institute of Refrigeration session. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.06.012
Sánchez, D., Andreu-Nácher, A., Calleja-Anta, D., Llopis, R., and Cabello, R. (2022). Energy impact evaluation of different low-GWP alternatives to replace R134a in a beverage cooler. Experimental analysis and optimization for the pure refrigerants R152a, R1234yf, R290, R1270, R600a and R744. Energy Conversion and Management, 256, 115388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115388
Stoecker, W. F. (1998). Industrial refrigeration handbook. McGraw-Hill Education.
Stovall, T. K., and Tomlinson, J. J. (1990). Commercial cool storage laboratory test procedure (No. ORNL/TM-11511). Oak Ridge National Lab.(ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States).
Thompson, J. F., Mejia, D. C., and Singh, R. P. (2010). Energy use of commercial forced-air coolers for fruit. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 26 (5), 919-924. doi: 10.13031/2013.34934
Thompson, J. F., Mitchell, F. G., and Rumsay, T. R. (2008). Commercial Cooling Of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers (Vol. 21567). UCANR Publications.
Waide, P., van der Sluis, S., and Michineau, T. (2014). CLASP Commercial refrigeration equipment: mapping and benchmarking. Waide Strategic Efficiency Ltd.
Wang, K., Eisele, M., Hwang, Y., and Radermacher, R. (2010). Review of secondary loop refrigeration systems. International Journal of Refrigeration, 33 (2), 212-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.09.018
Wang, N., Lv, Y., Zhao, D., Zhao, W., Xu, J., and Yang, R. (2022). Performance evaluation of radiative cooling for commercial-scale warehouse. Materials Today Energy, 24, 100927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100927
Westphalen, D., Zogg, R. A., Varone, A. F., Foran, M. A., Brodrick, J. R., and DuBois, T. (1996). Energy savings potential for commercial refrigeration equipment. Final Report Prepared for Building Equipment Division Office of Building Technologies.
Whitman, B., Johnson, B., Tomczyk, J., and Silberstein, E. (2012). Refrigeration and air conditioning technology. Delmar Cengage Learning. New York, USA.