SİBER ZORBALIK MAĞDURİYETİ: ORTAOKUL VE LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİYLE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Siber zorbalık, toplumun ileri teknolojilere olan yoğun bağımlılığı nedeniyle büyüyen yeni bir fenomen, zorlayıcı ve sürekli gelişen bir zorbalık şeklidir. Orta ve lise düzeyindeki ergenlerde siber zorbalığın nasıl sürdürüldüğü hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, siber zorbalık mağduriyetinin yaygınlığını, etkisini ve farklı deneyimlerini kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırmaktır. Araştırmanın katılımcı grubu İstanbul'da ortaokul ve lise dzüeyinde okullarda okuyan 1752 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verilerini toplamak için “Siber mağduriyet envanteri” ve “Kişisel bilgi formu” kullanılmıştır. Çalışma siber mağduriyet ile teknoloji kullanımı ve öğrencilerin sosyodemografik değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, erkek öğrencilerin kadınlardan anlamlı derecede daha yüksek siber mağduriyet yaşadıkları görülmüştür. Ayrıca, sonuçlar 10. ve 11. sınıf öğrencilerinin 6., 7., 8. ve 9. sınıf öğrencilerine göre anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla siber mağduriyet yaşadıklarını göstermiştir. İnternet erişimi ebeveynler tarafından denetlenmediğinde ve öğrencilerin internet kullanım süresi arttıkça, siber mağduriyet yaşamalarının anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Bu araştırma, siber mağduriyet ve bununla ilgili faktörlerin ortaya çıkması açısından literature katkıda bulunmaktadır. Çocukların maruz kaldıkları siber mağduriyet seviyesinin ve mağduriyetle ilgili faktörlerin anlaşılması, çevrimiçi ortamda zorbalık davranışlarını önleme çalışmalarının güçlendirilmesi için önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

siber zorbalık, siber mağduriyet, internet, teknoloji, mağduriyet

CYBERBULLYING VICTIMIZATION: A STUDY OF MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Cyberbullying, a new growing phenomenon due to society's heavy reliance on advanced technologies is an intricate and ever-evolving form of bullying. Little is known about how cyberbullying is perpetrated at the middle and high school levels. The current study aims to investigate the prevalence, impact, and differential experience of cyberbullying victimization comprehensively. The participants of the study consist of 1752 middle and high school students in İstanbul. The cyber victimization inventory and personal information questionnaire were used to gather research data. These surveys examined the relationship between cyber victimization and technology use and students’ sociodemographic information. As a result of the research, it was observed that male students experienced significantly higher cyber victimization than females. Also, the results demonstrated that 10th and 11th grade students have experienced more cyber victimization compared to 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th grade students. When internet access was not supervised by the parents and students’ time of internet usage increased, it was found that they have experienced cyber victimization significantly higher. This research contributes to the literature in terms of revealing cyber victimization and related factors. Understanding the level of cyber victimization that children are exposed to and the factors related to victimization are important for reinforcing studies to prevent bullying behaviors in the online environment.

Keywords:

Cyberbullying, cyber victimization, internet, technology, victimization,

PDF

___

ARICAK, Osman Tolga, SİYAHHAN, Sinem, UZUNHASANOGLU, Ayşegül, SARIBEYOGLU, Sevda, CIPLAK, Songül, YILMAZ, Nesrin, & MEMMEDOV, Cemil. (2008). Cyberbullying among Turkish Adolescents. Cyberpsychology; Behavior, 11 (3), 253-61. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0016
BERAN, Tanya, & Lİ, Qing. (2005). Cyber-harassment: A study of a new method for an old behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32 (3), 265−77.
CAMPBELL, Marilyn A. (2005). Cyber bullying: An old problem in a new guise? Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 15(1), 68-76.
DEHUE, F., BOLMAN, C., & VÖLLİNK, T. (2008). Cyberbullying: Youngsters' experiences and parental perception. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(2), 217-23.
DOOLEY, Julian J., GRADINGER, Petra, STROHMEIER, Dagmar, CROSS, Donna, SPIEL, Christiane. (2010). CyberVictimisation: The association between help-seeking behaviours and self-reported emotional symptoms in Australia and Austria. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 20 (2), 194–209.
DUMAN, Nesrin & BRİDGE, Esra Nihan. (2019). Siber mağduriyet. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 10(17), 1156-78. DOI: 10.26466/opus.528679
ERDUR-BAKER, Özgür, & KAVŞUT, Fatma. (2007). Akran zorbalığının yeni yüzü: Siber zorbalık. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 27, 31-42.
KEİTH, Susan, & MARTİN, Michelle E. (2005). Cyber-bullying: Creating a culture of respect in a cyber world. Reclaiming Children & Youth, 13, 224-28.
MİSHNA, Faye, COOK, Charlene, GADALLA, Tahany, DACİUK, Joanne, & SOLOMON, Steven. (2010). Cyber bullying behaviors among middle and high school students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80 (3), 362-74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01040.x
MİSHNA, Faye, SAİNİ, Michael, & SOLOMON, Steven. (2009). Ongoing and online: Children and youth’s perceptions of cyber bullying. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 1222–8.
MİTCHELL, Kimberly J., FİNKELHOR, David, & WOLAK, Janis. (2003). Victimization of youth on the internet. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 8 (1/2), 1-39.
MİTCHELL, Kimberly J., YBARRA, Mitchell, & FİNKELHOR, David. (2007). The relative importance of online victimization in understanding depression, delinquency and substance use. Child Maltreatment, 12 (4), 314-24.
O’CONNELL, Rachel, PRİCE, Joanna, & BARROW, Charlotte. (2004). Emerging trends amongst primary school childrens use of the Internet. Cyberspace Research Unit. Retrived from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.620.119&rep=rep1&type=pdf
PETERSON, Libby, & RIGBY, Ken. (1999). Countering bullying at an Australian secondary school with students as helpers. Journal of Adolescence, 22 (4), 481-92.
RIGBY, Ken. (1997). What children tell us about bullying in schools. Children Australia, 22 (2), 28-34
SLONJE, Robert, & SMİTH, Peter K. (2008) Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147–54.
SMITH, Peter K., MAHDAVI, Jess, CARVALHO, Manuel, FISHER, Sonja, RUSSELL, Shanette, & TIPPETT, Neil. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376–85.
ŞAHİNASLAN, Ender, KANDEMİR, Rembiye, & ŞAHİNASLAN, Önder. (2009). Bilgi Güvenliği Farkındalık Eğitimi Örneği. Akademik Bilişim ‹09 - XI. Akademik Bilişim Konferansı Bildirileri, (pp. 189-194). Urfa.
TANRIKULU, Taşkın, KINAY, Hüseyin, & ARICAK, Osman Tolga. (2013). Siber zorbalık ölçeğinin ilk psikometrik bulguları. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 (1), 38-47.
WANG, Jing, IANNOTTİ, Ronald J. & NANSEL, Tonja R. (2009). School bullying among adolescents in the United States: physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45, 368–75. Doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021
What is cyberbullying (2019, 08 January). Retrived from https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it/index.html
WİLLARD, Nancy E. (2007). Cyberbullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social aggression, threats, and distress. İllinois: Research Press.