Ülkemiz Kültür Bitkilerinden Persea americana Mill. (Avokado) ve Tıbbi Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi

Persea americana meyveleri (avokado), 1500’lü yılların başlarına kadar sadece Amerika yerlileri tarafından tüketilirken, Amerika Kıtası’nın keşfiyle Avrupa tarafından tanınmış, sonrasında tüm dünyaya yayılmıştır. Ülkemizde, meyvelerin besin olarak tüketiminin yaygınlaşması ve ticari önem kazanması son yıllarda artış göstermiştir, ancak bitkinin kültüre alınması 1980’li yıllara dayanmaktadır. Günümüzde, özellikle Antalya, Mersin ve Hatay bölgelerinde P. americana türünün birkaç varyetesi yetiştirilmektedir. İçerdiği mineraller (özellikle potasyum), vitaminler (özellikle E ve C vitaminleri), protein, fitosteroller ve yağ asitleriyle zengin bir kaynak olan avokado üzerinde yapılmış birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Yapılan in vitro çalışmalar, yaprak ekstrelerinin anti-HIV, sitotoksik ve insektisidal etkiye; çekirdek yağının gastroprotektif, antihelmintik ve antioksidan etkiye; meyvenin ise antibakteriyel etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma ile P. americana türünün kimyasal bileşimi, tıbbi etki ve kullanılışı üzerine yapılmış araştırmaların derlenmesi, Türkiye’de yetişen varyetelerin öneminin vurgulanması ve tıbbi potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular Akdeniz bölgemizin toprak ve iklim koşullarının içerik açısından zengin bitkiler yetişmesine uygun olduğunu, bu bitkinin tıbbi açıdan değerlendirilmesi için ileri çalışmaların yapılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Persea americana, kimyasal içeriği, biyolojik aktiviteleri, tarihçesi, etnobotanik kullanılışı, avokado

Medical Evaluation of Persea americana Mill. (Avocado) Cultivated In Turkey

Persea americana (Avocado) fruits were consumed by only Native Americans until early 1500’s, while Europe was recognized by the discovery of the America Continent and then spread all over the world. In Turkey, widespread consumption of the fruits as nutrients and gaining commercial importance have increased in recent years, but the cultivation of the plant dates back to the 1980s. Today, several varieties of Persea americana species are cultivated, especially in Antalya, Mersin, and Hatay. There are many studies reveal that avocado is a rich source of minerals (especially potassium), vitamins (especially vitamins E and C), protein, phytosterols, and fatty acids. In vitro studies have shown that the leaf extracts of P. americana have anti-HIV, cytotoxic, and insecticidal effects; the seed oil has gastroprotective, antihelminthic and, antioxidant effects; the fruit has antibacterial effect. The study aims that to review the research studies on the chemical composition, medicinal effect and usage of P. americana, and also to determine and emphasize the medicinal potential of the cultivated species in Turkey.The findings of this study indicate that the soil and climatic conditions of the Mediterranean region are suitable for the growth of P. Americana with rich content, and further studies are needed for the medical evaluation of this plant.

Keywords:

Persea americana, avocado, history, ethnobotanical uses, chemical composition, biological activities,

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