KARANLIK ÜÇLÜ ÖLÇEĞİ: TÜRKÇE’ YE UYARLAMA, GÜVENİLİRLİK VE GEÇERLİLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Bu çalışmanın amacı “Karanlık Üçlü” adı verilen, makyavelizm, psikopati ve narsizm kişilik özelliklerini ölçmek için kullanılmakta olan ölçeğin Türkçe’ye uyarlanarak güvenilirlik ve geçerliliğinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Bir işletmede yönetici pozisyonunda çalışanlar araştırma örneklemi olarak seçilmiştir. Ölçeğin Türkçe dilinde güvenilirlik ve geçerliliğinin test edilebilmesi için iki farklı örneklemden veriler toplanarak önce keşfedici ve daha sonra da doğrulayıcı faktör analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ölçeğin üç faktörlü yapısının doğrulandığı görülmüştür. Ardından yapı geçerliliği için gerçekleştirilen yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerlilik testlerinde de herhangi bir sorun gözlenmediğinden ölçeğin güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçek olduğu ileri sürülebilmektedir. Söz konusu bu bulgular, karanlık üçlü ölçeğinin özellikle işletme yönetimi alanında yapılacak çalışmalarda kullanılabilmesi için güvenilir ve geçerli bir araç olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dirty Dozen, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, Narcissism, Scale Adaptation

DIRTY DOZEN SCALE: ADAPTATION TO TURKISH, RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability and validity by adapting the scale called “Dark triad dirty dozen” to Turkish. Employees who were in managerial positions in any enterprise were selected as research sample. In order to test the reliability and validity of the scale in Turkish language, data collected from two different samples. The results of the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that three factor structre was confirmed. Since there is no problem in convergent and divergent validity tests, it can be argued that the scale is reliable and valid. In other words, these findings show that the dark triad scale can be used as a reliable and valid tool to be used especially in the field of business management.

Keywords:

Dirty Dozen, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, Narcissism, Scale Adaptation,

PDF

___

Aish, A. M. ve Jöreskog, K. G. (1990). A panel model for political efficacy and responsiveness: An application of LISREL 7 with weighted least squares, Quality and Quantity, 24(4), 405-426.
Allsopp, J., Eysenck, H.J., ve Eysenck, S.B.G. (1991). Machiavellianism As a Component in Psychoticism and Extraversion, Personality and Individual Differences, 12(1), 29-41.
Arlow, P. (1991). Personal Characteristics in College Students Evaluations of Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility, Journal of Business Ethics, 10(1), 63-69.
Babiak, P., ve Hare, R.D. (2006). Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work, New York, NY: HarperCollins.
Bagozzi, R. P. ve Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models, Journal of the academy of marketing science, 16(1), 74-94.
Baloch M.A, Meng, F., Xu Z. ve Cepede-Carrion I. (2017). Dark Triad, Perceptions of Organizational Politics and Counterproductive Work Work Behaviours: The Moderating Effect of Political Skills, Frontiers in Psychology, 8,1-14.
Bentler, P. M. ve Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures, Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588.
Bogart, L.M, Benotsch, E.G. ve Pavlovic, J.D.P. (2004).Feeling Superior But Threatened: The Relation of Narcissism to Social Comparison, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26, 35-44.
Bollen, K. A. (1990). Overall Fit in Covariance Structure Models: Two Types of Sample Size Effects, Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 256.
Buffardi, L.E. ve Campbell, W.K. (2008).Narcissism and Social Networking Sites, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34,1303-1314.
Buss, D. (1991). Evolutionary Personality Psychology, Annual Review of Pyschology, 42, 459-491.
Byrne, B. M. (2011). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (Multivariate Applications Series), New York: Routledge.
Carmines, E. G. ve Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and Validity Assessment (Vol. 17). New York: Sage publications.
Christie R. ve Geis, F. (1970). Studies in Machiavelliansim, New York, NY: Academic Press.
Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is Coefficient Alpha? An Examination of Theory and Applications, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98.
Czarna A.Z., Jonason P.K., Dufner M. ve Kossowska M. (2016). The Dirty Dozen Scale: Validation of a Polish Version and Extension of the Nomological Net, Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 445.
Dahling, J.J., Whitaker, B.G. ve Levy, P.E. (2009). The Development and Validation of a New Machiavellianism Scale, Journal of Management, 35,219-257.
Eraslan-Çapan, B., Satıcı, S.A., Yılmaz M.F. ve Kayiş A.R. (2015). Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeği: Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması, 13. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, Mersin Türkiye.
Fehr, B., Samson, D. ve Paulhus, D.L. (1996). The Construct of Machiavellianism: Twenty years later”, In C.D. Spielberger & J.M. Butcher (Eds.), Advances in Personality Assessment (pp.77-116) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Ferris, G.R. ve King, T.R., (1996). Politics in Human Resources Decision: A Walk on the Dark Side, IEEE Engineering Management Review, 24, 52-59.
Forsyth, D.R., Banks, G.C. ve McDaniel M.A. (2012). A Meta-Analysis of the Dark Triad and Work Behavior: A Social Exchange Perspective, Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 557-579.
Foster, J.D. ve Campbell, W.K. (2007). Are There Such Things as Narcissists in Social Psychology? A Taxometric Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Personality and Individual Differences, 43,1321-1332.
Garcia D., Rosenberg P., MacDonald S., Raisanen C., Ricciardi M.R. (2017), Measuring Malevolent Character: Data Using the Swedish Version of Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, Data in Brief, 14:,648-652.
Geng., Y.G., Sun Q.B., Huang J.Y., Zhu., Y.Z. ve Han. X.H. (2015). Dirty Dozen and Short Dark Triad: A Chinese Validation of Two Brief Measures of the Dark Triad, Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 246-250.
Gonzalez, J.M., Greitemeyer T. (2018). The Relationship Between Everyday Sadiism, Violent Video Game Play and Fascination with Weapons”, Personality and Individual Differences, 124, 51-53.
Hare, R.D. ve Neumann, C.S. (2009). Psychopathy: Assessment and Forensic Implications, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 791-802.
Hogan, R., ve Kaiser, R.N. (2005) “What We Know About Leadership” Review of General Psychology, 9: 169-180.
Jonason, P.K. ve Webster, G.D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A Consice Measure of the Dark Triad, Psychological Assessment, 22(2),420-432.
Jones, D.N. ve Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits, Assesment, 21(1), 28-41.
Le Breton, J.M., Shiverdecker, L.K. ve Grimaldi, E.M. (2017). The Dark Triad and Workplace Behavior, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5: 387-414.
Levenson, M.R., Kiehl, K.A. ve Fitzpatrick, C.M. (1995).Assessing Psychopathic Attributes in a Noninstitutionalized Population, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68,151-158.
Mahmut, M.K., Menictas, C., Stevenson R.C. ve Homewood, J. (2011). Validating the Factor Structure of the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale in a Community Sample, Psychological Assessment, 23,670-678.
Miller, J.D. ve Campbell, W.K. (2008). Comparing Clinical and Social-Personality Conceptualizations of Narcissism, Journal of Personality, 76(3), 449-476.
Miller, J.D., Few, L.R., Seibert, L.A., Watts, A., Zeichner, A. ve Lynam, D.R. (2012). An Examination of the Dirty Dozen Measure: A Cautionary Tale About the Costs of Brief Measures, Psychological Assessment, 24,1048-1053.
Morf, C.C. ve Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-regulatory Processing Model, Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177-196.
Nathanson, C., Paulhus D.L. ve Willams K.M. (2006). Predictors of a Behavioral Measure of Scholastic Cheating: Personality and Competence but not Demographics, Contemporary Educational Psychology, 31, 97-122.
Özsoy, E., Rauthmann, J.F., Jonason P.K., Ardıç, K. (2017). Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Versions of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T), Short Dark Triad ( SD3-T), and Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T), Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 11-14.
Paulhus, D.L. ve Williams, K.M. (2002). The Dark Triad of Personality: Narcissism, Machiavelliansim, and Psychopathy, Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556-563.
Rapp-Ricciardi M., Barbieri B., Amato C., Archer T. (2018). Dark Triad, Locus of Control and Affective Status Among Individuals with an Entrepreneurial Intent, Journal of Entrepreneurial Education, 21(1), 1-18.
Rasin R., Hall, C.S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Psychological Reports, 45 (2), 590.
Raskin, R., Howard, T. (1988). A Principal Components Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Further Evidence of its Construct Validty, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 890-802.
Raykov, T. (1998). Coefficient Alpha and Composite Reliability with Interrelated Nonhomogeneous Items, Applied Psychological Measurement, 22(4), 375- 385.
Resick, C.J., Whitman, D.D., Weingarden, S.M. ve Hiller N.J. (2009). The Bright-side and the Dark-side of CEO Personality: Examining Core Self-evaluations, Narcissism, Transformational Leadership and Strategic Influence, Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 1365-1381.
Rhodewalt., F., ve Peterson, P. (2009). Narcissism, In M.R. Leary & R.H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior (pp.547-560), New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Robertson A.S., Datu J.A.D., Brawley A.D., Pury, C.L.S., Mateo, J.S. (2016). The Dark Triad and Social Behavior: The Influence of Self-construal and Power Distance, Personality and Individual Differences, 98: 69-74.
Savard C., Simard C. ve Jonason P.K ( 2017). Psychometric Properties of the French-Canadian Version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 122-128.
Sherry, S.B., Hewitt, P.L, Besser A., Flett, G.L, ve Klein, C. (2006). Machiavellianism, Trait Perfectionism and Perfectionistic Self-presentation, Personality and Individual Differences, 40(4), 829-839.
Suhr, D. D. (2006). “Exploratory or Confirmatory Factor Analysis?” (pp. 1-17). In.Cary: SAS Institute.
Vohs, K.D., Baumeister, R.F. ve Ciarocco, N. (2005). Self-regulation and Self-presentation: Regulatory Resource Depletion Impairs Impression Management and Effortful Self-presentation Depletes Regulatory Resources, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 632-657.
Yang, Y. ve Raine, A. (2008). Functional Neuroanatomy of Psychopathy, Psychiatry, 7, 133-136.
Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Faktör Analizi ve Geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizlerinin Kullanılması, Istanbul Üniversitesi Isletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(Special Issue), 74.
Yousefi R., Piri, F. (2016).Pyschometric Properties of Persion Version of Dirty Dozen Scale, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 22(1), 67-76.