The Impact of Place Attachment of Historical Neighborhood Residents On the Tourism Support

This article studies the relationship between the place attachment of historical neighborhood residents, the effects of tourism, and the support for tourism. The study was conducted in ten historical neighborhoods in Central Amasya, which are the best examples of Turkish civil architecture of small squares, Islamic-Ottoman social complexes, and mosques. Total sample number for 3336 houses was determined as 345. The questionnaires were applied between October and December 2017 on weekdays and weekends alike with simple random sampling method. A total of 460 houses agreed to answer the questionnaire. Principal components analysis was applied to determine the construct validity of place attachment and tourism effects scales. In order to discover the relationship between the place attachment scale of the participants and perceived effects of tourism & the support for tourism scales, Spearman’s correlation test is applied as nonparametric test method. According to the study results, it was determined that place-based sense of belonging and social attachment had an influence on the residents’ perception of and approach towards tourism. It is seen that neighborhood residents were in agreement that tourism would have positive effects on the neighborhood and that they did not develop any concerns about any negative effects of tourism. Similarly, it is understood that the more place attachment neighborhood residents had, the more supportive they were of any touristic endeavors. This indicates that any negative developments that may arise with functional changes that comes with touristic endeavors might cause a negative impact on their approach to and support of tourism.

Tarihi Mahalle Sakinlerinin Yere Bağlılığının Turizm Desteği Üzerindeki Etkisi

Bu çalışma, mahalle sakinlerinin yer aidiyeti, turizm etkileri ve turizm desteği arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Çalışma, Türk sivil mimarisinin örneklerini yansıtan, küçük meydanlar, külliye ve camileri bünyesinde barındıran Amasya ili Merkez ilçesindeki on adet tarihi mahallede yapılmıştır. Toplam örneklem sayısı 3336 hane için 345 olarak belirlenmiştir. Anketler Kasım ve Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında hafta içi ve hafta sonu dahil olmak üzere basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Bu süreç içerisinde ankete toplam 460 hane cevap vermeyi kabul etmiştir. Yere bağlılık ve turizmin etkileri ölçeğinin yapı geçerliliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla temel bileşenler analizi uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların yere bağlılık ölçeği ile turizmin algılanan etkileri ve turizm desteği ölçeği arasındaki ilişkiyi keşfetmek için ise parametrik olmayan test tekniklerinden Spearman korelasyon testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre yer temelli aidiyet ve sosyal bağlılığın yerin sakinlerinin turizme yönelik algı ve tutumlarında etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mahalle sakinlerinin turizmin mahalleye pozitif etkiler getireceği konusunda hemfikir oldukları ve aynı zamanda turizmin sebep olabileceği negatif etkiler konusunda henüz endişe hissetmedikleri görülmektedir. Benzer bir şekilde mahalle sakinlerinin yere bağlılıkları arttıkça yereli desteklemeyi amaçlayan turistik girişim türlerini destekleme durumlarının arttığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu durum söz konusu turistik girişim türleri ile ilgili meydana gelebilecek fonksiyon değişikliklerinden kaynaklanabilecek olumsuz etkilerin turizme karşı tutum ve desteklerini de negatif yönde etkileyeceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

PDF

___

Altanlar, A. (2015). A Conceptual Model And A Method For The Measurement Of Cultural tourism Development Capacity: The Case Of Bosphorus, İstanbul. İstanbul: Yıldız Technical University Urban Planning Doctorate Program.Unpublished Doctoral Thesis.

Arslan Ayazlar, R., & Ayazlar, G. (2016). The Role of Sense of Belonging and Life Satisfaction on Local People’s Attitude towards Tourism Effects. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(4): 1451-1470.

Aytaç, Ö. (2013). Urban Spacesand Identity/Difference Problem. İdealkent, 138-169.

Bolzoni, M. (2013). What Tourists Ignore Ambivalences, Conflicts and Compromises in A Changing Neighbourhood. The International RC21 Conference 2013– Session: Resistance and Protest in the Tourist City. Berlin.

Bolzoni, M. (2014). Turning to leisure and entertainment inTimeof Crisis. Atlantis, 10-14.

Brown, B., Perkins, D. D., & Brown, G. (2003). Place attachment in a revitalizing neighborhood: Individual and block levels of analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 259-271.

Brown, B., Perkins, D., & Brown, G. (2004). Incivilities, place attachment and crime: Block and individual effects. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24 (2004) 359–371.

Buzukçu, C. (2020). The Relationship Between Resident’s Place Identity, Community Attachment, Sustainable Toruism Attıtude Support For Toruism Development And Life Satisfaction. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Balıkesir University Institute of Social Sciences, Departman of Toruism Management, Balıkesir.

Choi, H., & Murray, I. (2010). Resident Attitudes Toward Sustainable Community. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 575- 594.

Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu,. G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal Bilimler için Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISTER Uygulamaları,. Pegem Akademi: Ankara.

Ginting, N., & Wahid, J. (2016). Defining distinctiveness aspect of place identity in urban heritage tourism. 8th International Conference on Architecture Research and Design (AR+DC). Indonesia: AR+DC.

Göregenli, M. (2010). Çevre Psikolojisi İnsan Mekan İlişkileri. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. Göregenli, M., Karakuş, P., Özgen Kösten, Y. E., & Umuroğlu, İ. (2014). Neighborhood Commitment Level Investigation in Urban Relationship. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 73-85.

Hallak, R., Brown, G., & Lindsay, J. (2012). The Place Identity e Performance relationship among tourism entrepreneurs: A structural equation modelling analysis. Tourism Management, 143-154.

Hernandez, B., Martin, M., Ruiz, C., & Hidalgo, M. (2010). The role of place identity and place attachment in breaking environmental protection laes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30:281-288.

Hernandeza, B., Hidalgo, M. C., Salazar-Laplace, M., & Hes, S. (2007). Place attachment and place identity in natives and non-natives. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 310-319.

Hidalgo, C. M., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place Attachment: Conceptual And Empirical Questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 273-281.

Huning, S., & Novy, J. (2006). Tourism as an Engine of Neighborhood Regeneration?Some Remarks Towards a Better Understanding of Urban tourism beyond the ‘Beaten Path’. CMS Working Paper Series, 1-18.

Ilgın, C., & Hacıhasanoğlu, O. (2006). A model for migration – attachment relations: example Berlin/ Kreuzberg. itüdergisi/a mimarlık, planlama, tasarım, 5(1):59-70.

Kozak, N., Kozak, M., & Kozak, M. (2013). Genel Turizm İlkeler Kavramlar. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.

Kunzmann, K. (2004). Culture, Creativity And Spatial Planning. TPR, 75(4): 383-404.

Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2014). Effects of place attachment on users’ perceptions of social and environmental conditions in a natural setting. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24 (2004) 213–225.

Lewicka, M. (2005). Ways to make people active: The role of place attachment, cultural capita, and neighborhood ties. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 381-395.

Lewicka, M. (2008). Place attachment, place identity, and place memory: Restoring The Forgotten City Past. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28: 209–231.

McCool, S., & Martin, S. (1994). Community Attachment and Attitudes Toward Tourism Development. Journal of Travel Research, 29-34.

Özaltın Türker, G., & Türker, A. (2014). How Effect’s The Local Residents Perception of Toursim Impact Level To The Toruism. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges, 81-98.

Rollero, C., & Piccoli, N. (2010). Place attachment, identification and environment perception: An empirical study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 198-205.

Stylidis, D. (2018). Place Attachment, Perception of Place and Residents’ Support for Tourism Development. Tourism Planning & Development, 1-23. TÜİK. (2018, 08 10). Population Registration System.

Wang, S., & Chen, J. (2015). The influence of place identity on perceived place identity on perceived. Annals of Toursim Research, 52:16-28.

Wang, S., & Xu, H. (2015). Influence of place-based senses of distinctiveness, continuity, selfesteem and self-efficacy on residents’ attitudes toward tourism. Tourism Management, 47: 241-250.

Vorkin, M., & Reise, H. (2001). Environmental Concern in a Local Context the Significance of Place Attachment. Environment and Behavior, 33: 249-263.

Yılmaz Çakmak, B. (2013). The Example of a Re-Use in the Context of Cultural Heritage Conservation, Hamdi Gültepe House. Artium, 1(1):1-12.

Yoon, Y. (2002). Development of a Structural Model for Tourism Destination Competitiveness from Stakeholders’ Perspectives. Virginia: Faculty of The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement for The Degree of Doctor of Phılosophy