Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV): Güncel durumu ve geleceği

Tobamovirus cinsinde Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) olarak tanımlanan yeni bir virüs geniş yayılım alanlarında epidemi yapmıştır. ToBRFV, ilk olarak 2014 yılında İsrail'de tespit edilmiştir. O zamandan günümüze kadar virüs Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika, Asya, Türkiye ve daha birçok ülkede tespit edilmiştir. ToBRFV, bitkisel üretimi, domates ve biberlerin pazarlanabilirliğini önemli ölçüde etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Virüs bir gıda güvenliği riski değildir. Bu virüs esas olarak domates ve biberleri etkilemektedir. Solanum nigrum gibi bazı yabancı ot türlerinin virüse konukçuluk yapabildiği belirlenmiştir. ToBRFV hastalığı da diğer Tobamovirus’ler gibi tohumla ve mekaniksel temas ile işçilerin elleri, kıyafetleri, bombus arıları, sera alet ekipmanları yoluyla çok etkili bir şekilde taşınabilmektedir. ToBRFV, Tobamovirus’lere dayanıklılık sağlayan domateslerdeki Tm22 genini ve biberlerdeki L1, L2, L3 genlerini etkisiz kılarak enfeksiyon yapmaktadır. Bugüne kadar ToBRFV, ağırlıklı olarak sera domateslerinde rapor edilmiştir. Domates meyvelerinde buruşuk kahverengi veya sarı lekeler göstermektedir. Bu belirtiler, meyvelerin piyasa değerini önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Virüsün seralara girişini ve yayılmasını sınırlamak için katı biyogüvenlik önlemleri gereklidir. Üreticiler, güvenilir kaynaklardan tohum ve fide kullandıklarından emin olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus, Tobamovirus, Domates, Biber, Dayanıklılığın kırılması

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV): Current situation and future prospects

A new virus, defined as Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) in the genus Tobamovirus, has made the epidemic in wide spread areas. ToBRFV was first detected in Israel in 2014. Since then, the virus has been detected in Europe, North America, Asia, Turkey and many more countries. ToBRFV has the potential to significantly affect crop production, the marketability of tomatoes and peppers. The virus is not a food safety risk. This virus mainly affects tomatoes and peppers. It has been determined that some weed species, such as Solanum nigrum, can host the virus. Like other Tobamoviruses, ToBRFV can be transported very effectively with the hands and clothes, bumblebees, greenhouse tool equipment, with seeds and mechanical contact. ToBRFV infects by neutralizing the Tm22 gene in tomatoes and L1, L2, L3 genes in peppers, which provide resistance to Tobamoviruses. To date, ToBRFV has been reported mainly in greenhouse tomatoes. It shows brown rugose or yellow spots on tomato fruits. These fruit symptoms significantly reduce market value. Strict biosafety measures are required to limit the entry and spread of this virus into greenhouses. Producers should make sure they use seeds and seedlings from reliable sources.

Keywords:

Tobamovirus, Tomato brown rugose fruit virus, Tomato, Pepper, Resistance breaking,

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