Halk Tarafından Seçilen Cumhurbaşkanı'nın Siyasal Rejime Etkisi (Avusturya Örneği)

İlk kez Birleşik Krallık’ta ortaya çıkan parlamenter rejim, zaman içinde gelişimini sürdürmüş ve çoğu demokratik ülke tarafından kendi siyasal sistemleri doğrultusunda çeşitli değişikliklere uğrayarak kullanılmaya devam edilmiştir. Öte yandan Cumhurbaşkanı’nın doğrudan belirlendiği ve ona özgün geniş bir yetki alanının yaratıldığı yarı-başkanlık rejimleri, 20. Yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren bir çok Avrupa ülkesinde hızla yayılmaya başlamıştır. Ancak günümüzde hala yarı-başkanlık ve parlamenter rejim ayrımı konusunda tam bir oydaşma sağlanamamaktadır. Bu sorunun temelinde, halk tarafından seçilen Cumhurbaşkanı’nın tek başına parlamenter rejimi yarı-başkanlığa dönüştürüp dönüştürmediği sorunsalı yer almaktadır. Çalışmamızda, ilk önce yarı-başkanlık ve parlamenter rejim konusunda siyasal öğretide ortaya çıkan tartışmalar değerlendirilecek, sonrasında bu teorik değerlendirmeler, Cumhurbaşkanlarının yetkilerinin ölçümü doğrultusunda Avusturya örneği üzerinden çözüme kavuşturulacaktır. ABSTRACT The parliamentarism that first appeared in the United Kingdom, carried on growing in time and continued to be used with some changes according to their political system by a lot of democratic country. On the other side semipresidential regimes in which President is determined directly and given a wide range of power specific to him, started to spread rapidly in a lot of European countries as of late 20th century. Today there is still no consensus between the discrimination of semipresidential regimes and parliamentiarism. The basis of this problem is that the problematic of the popular elected President’s turning the parliamentiarism into semipresidential regimes. In this study, at first the arguments which appeared on political literature about the semipresidential regimes and parliamentiarism will be evaluated, and then this theoric evaluations will be solved on measurement of President’s power based on Austria example.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Cumhurbaşkanı'nın halk tarafından seçimi, Cumhurbaşkanı'nın yetkilerinin ölçümü, Cumhurbaşkanı'nın yasama-dışı yetkileri, siyasal rejim türü

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