Okul Müdür Yardımcılarının Hizmet Öncesinde Yetiştirilmesinin Modellenmesi: Bir Bütünleştirici Derleme Çalışması

Müdür yardımcıları, okulun gündelik akışında ve pozitif bir okul iklimi oluşturulmasında anahtar roldedir. Bu önemli rollerine rağmen müdür yardımcıları, herhangi bir eğitim almadan göreve başlamaktadırlar. Bu durum müdür yardımcılarında erken tükenmişlik duygusu oluşturmakta, mesleki tatmin duygularını zayıflatmakta ve görevden ayrılmaları oranlarını artırmaktadır. Müdür yardımcılarının tükenmişlik durumları nitelikli okul yöneticisi yetişmesine de engel olmaktadır. Müdür yardımcılarının etkili bir hizmet öncesi eğitim almaları onların göreve hazırbulunuşluklarını artırmada önemli katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu makalenin amacı alanyazından hareketle müdür yardımcıları için ihtiyaca yönelik, etkili, ekonomik ve sürdürülebilir bir hizmet öncesi eğitim modeli geliştirmektir. Araştırma, bütünleştirici derleme yöntemi ile desenlenmiştir. Araştırmalardan hareketle müdür yardımcıların görevleri, statü ve pozisyonları, yönetsel işlevleri ve liderlik türleri analiz edilmiştir. Bu analizler doğrultusunda müdür yardımcılarının yetiştirilmesinin gerekçeleri, modelin uygulama ilkeleri, eğitsel ilkeleri, öğrenme yöntemleri, içeriği, süresi ve akışı ile Türkiye bağlamına özgü hususlar açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Okul müdür yardımcılığı, Hizmet öncesi eğitim, Uzmanlık eğitimi modeli, Bütünleştirici derleme

Modeling the Pre-Service Training of Assistant School Principals: An Integrative Review Study

Assistant principals play a key role in the daily flow of the school and in creating a positive school climate. Despite these important roles, assistant principals start their duties without any training. This situation creates a sense of early burnout in vice principals, weakens their sense of professional satisfaction and increases turnover. On the other hand, it also prevents the training of qualified school administrators. Effective pre-service training of vice principals will make a significant contribution to increase their readiness for their duties. The purpose of this article is to develop a need-oriented, effective, economical and sustainable pre-service training model for vice principals based on the literature. The research was designed with the integrative review method. Based on the research, the duties, status and positions, managerial functions and leadership types of assistant principals were analyzed. In line with these analyses, the rationale for the training of vice principals, the implementation principles of the model, educational principles, learning methods, content, duration and flow, and issues specific to the Turkish context are explained.

Keywords:

Assistant school principalship, Pre-service training, Specialization training model, Integrative review,

PDF

___

Abrahamsen, H. (2018). Redesigning the role of deputy heads in Norwegian schools – tensions between control and autonomy? International Journal of Leadership in Education, 21(3), 327-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2017.1294265
Ackoff, R. L. (1999). Transformational leadership. Strategy & Leadership, 27(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb054626
Adewale, O. S. (2014). Instructional improvement of secondary school teachers through effective academic supervision by the vice-principals. Journal of Education and Human Development, 3(2), 607-617.
Ağaçdiken, Y. E. (2019). Müdür yardımcılarının okul müdürleri tarafından yetiştirilme düzeyleri ile okullarının gelişim gereksinimlerini belirleme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Ege Üniversitesi.
Armstrong, D. (2015). Listening to voices at the educational frontline: New administrators’ experiences of the transition from teacher to vice-principal. Brock Education Journal, 24(2), 1109-122. https://doi.org/10.26522/brocked.v24i2.429
Avcı, Ö. (2022). Yetişkin eğitiminde bir kavram üç kuram: öz-yönlendirmeli öğrenme. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 1-22.
Baloğlu, N. (2007). İlk ve ortaöğretim okulu yönetici yardımcılarının alması gereken hizmetiçi eğitim konuları hakkında okul yöneticilerinin görüşleri. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD) 8(1), 167- 178.
Barnett, B. G., Shoho, A. R., & Oleszewski, A. M. (2012). The job realities of beginning and experienced assistant principals. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 11(1), 92-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2011.611924
Baş, G. (2016). Müdür yardımcısı olarak görevlendirilen öğretmenlerin yöneticilik görevlerindeki mesleki gelişimlerinde okul müdürlerinin mentorluk fonksiyonlarının yöneticilik yeterlilikleri açısından incelenmesi. [Yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi.
Beycioğlu, K. & Şahin, İ. (2016). Okul müdür yardımcıları. A. Aypay (Ed.), Türkiye’de eğitim yöneticiliği ve maarif müfettişliği içinde (ss. 33-50). Pegem Akademi.
Black, A. B. (1980). Clarifying the role of the assistant principal. NASSP Bulletin, 64(436), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263658006443607
Bukoski, B. E., Lewis, T. C., Carpenter, B. W., Berry, M. S., & Sanders, K. N. (2015). The complexities of realizing community: Assistant principals as community leaders in persistently low-achieving schools. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 14(4), 411-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2015.1021053
Çakır, C. (2021). İlkokul müdür yardımcılarının işe uyum sorunları ve bu sorunların çözülmesinde okul müdürlerinin rolleri [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
Çelik, K. (2013). The effect of role ambiguity and role conflict on performance of vice principals: the mediating role of burnout. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 51, 195-213.
Cohen, R., & Schechter, C. (2019). Becoming an assistant principal: mapping factors that facilitate or hinder entering the role. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 14(1), 99-112.
Coppedge, F. L. (1968). The “new” image of the assistant principal. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 42(5), 283-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1968.11477500
Craft, H. M., Malveaux, R., Lopez, S. A., & Combs, J. P. (2016). The acclimation of new assistant principals. Journal of School Administration Research and Development, 1(2), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.32674/jsard.v1i2.1914
Demirbilek, M., & Bakioğlu, A. (2019). Okul müdür yardımcılarının görevlerinden ayrılma nedenleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(3), 737-769. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.505268
Deniz, V. (2019). Öğretmenlikten müdür yardımcılığına geçiş: uyum ve sosyalleşme süreci [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi.
Demirol-Duyar, D. (2018). Fayol ve Gulick’ten günümüze yönetim fonksiyonlarinin dönüşümü üzerine bir değerlendirme. Journal of Political Administrative and Local Studies, 1(2), 75-92.
Gardner, W. L., Karam, E. P., Alvesson, M., & Einola, K. (2021). Authentic leadership theory: The case for and against. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(6), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101495
Garrett, V. (1999). Preparation for headship? The role of the deputy head in the primary school. School Leadership & Management, 19(1), 67-81.
George, B., Sims, P., McLean, A. N., & Mayer, D. (2007). Discovering your authentic leadership. Harvard business review, 85(2), 129.
Ghasemzadeh, K., Jaafari, P. & Ghourchian, N. (2017). Providing a model for promotion of the vice- principals’ role to educational leadership in primary schools of mazandaran province. Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology, 1(7), 37-49.
Glanz, J. (1994). Redefining the roles and responsibilities of assistant principals. Clearing House, 7(5), 283-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1994.9956089
Greenfield, W. D. (1985). Developing an instructional role for the assistant principal. Education and Urban Society, 18(1), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124585018001005
Grodzki, J. S. (2011). Role Identity: At the intersection of organizational socialization and individual sensemaking of new principals and vice-principals. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy (127). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ955450.pdf
Hartzell, G. N. (1993). The assistant principal: neglected actor in practitioner leadership literature. Journal of School Leadership, 3(6), 707-723. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268469300300609
Hausman, C., Nebeker, A., McCreary, J., & Donaldson Jr, G. (2002). The worklife of the assistant principal. Journal of Educational Administration, 40(2), 136-157. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230210421105
Hayes, S. D., & Burkett, J. R. (2021). Almost a principal: Coaching and training assistant principals for the next level of leadership. Journal of School Leadership, 31(6), 502-525. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052684620912673
Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. H., & Natemeyer, W. E. (1979). Situational leadership, perception, and the impact of power. Group & Organization Studies, 4(4), 418-428. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960117900400404
Hess, F. (1985). The socialization of the assistant principal: from the perspective of the local school district. Education and Urban Society, 18(1), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124585018001006
Hilliard, A. T., & Newsome, S. S. (2013). Value added: best practices for the utilization of assistant principals' skills and knowledge in schools. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), 10(2), 153-158. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v10i2.7763
Ho, J., Shaari, I., & Kang, T. (2021). The distribution of leadership between vice-principals and principals in Singapore. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1849811
Jansen, C., & du Plessis, A. (2023). The role of deputy principals: Perspectives of South African primary school principals and their deputies. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 51(1), 157-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220975764
Kaplan, L.S. & Owings, W.A. (1999). Assistant principals: the case for shared instructional leadership. NASSP Bulletin, 83(605), 80-94. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263659908361012
Karaboğa, T., & Zehir, C. (2020). Henri Fayol ve yönetim alanına katkıları üzerine bir inceleme. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (7), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.665130
Karataş, İ. H. (2016). Mevcut okul müdürlerinin hizmet-içinde/işbaşında yetiştirilmesi. A. Aypay (Ed.), Türkiye’de eğitim yöneticiliği ve maarif müfettişliği içinde (ss. 197-215). Pegem Akademi.
Karataş, İ. H. (2023). Bibliometric analysis of the articles on assistant principalship published between 1946- 2022. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, 14(27), 135-168. https://doi.org/10.58689/eibd.1282302
Karataş, İ. H. & Karayaman, S. (2020). Okul yöneticisi yetiştirme programı (OYYP): bir yöntem ve içerik önerisi. Öncü Okul Yöneticileri Derneği Yayınlar.
Karataş, İ. H., Kyzy, J. A., & Topuz, C. (2015). School administrators’ relationships with academic studies carried out in educational administration and scholars. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 8(1), 125-152.
Kelly, G. (1987). The assistant principalship as a training ground for the principalship. NASSP Bulletin, 71(501), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263658707150105
Kwan, P. (2009). Vice‐principals' dilemma–career advancement or harmonious working relationship. International Journal of Educational Management, 23(3), 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540910941711
Leaf, A., & Odhiambo, G. (2017). The deputy principal instructional leadership role and professional learning: Perceptions of secondary principals, deputies and teachers. Journal of Educational Administration, 55(1), 33- 48. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2016-0029
Leithwood, K., & Azah, V. (2014). Elementary principals’ and vice-principals’ workload study: Final report [Unpublished manuscript]. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Elementary-and-Secondary- Principals%27-and-Workload-Leithwood-Azah/4eb92a2622217c29c0ed6e2a45ca012d3154ddcb
Long, C. M. (1957). Duties of secondary-school vice-principals. The Bulletin of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, 41(226), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263655704122604
Macharia, J. M., Thinguri, R., & Kiongo, P. (2014). An investigation into the deputy principals preparedness in discipline management in secondary schools in Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(6), 199-244.
Marshall, C. (1985). Professional shock: The enculturation of the assistant principal. Education and Urban Society, 18(1), 28-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124585018001003
Marshall, C., Mitchell, B., Gross, R., & Scott, D. (1992). The assistant principalship: A career position or a stepping-stone to the principalship?. NASSP Bulletin, 76(540), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263659207654014
Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB] (2016). Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı ortaöğretim kurumları yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete, 28/10/2016-29871.
Oleszewski, A., Shoho, A., & Barnett, B. (2012). The development of assistant principals: A literature review. Journal of Educational Administration, 50(3), 264-286. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231211223301
Özalp, U. (2016). Okul müdürlerinin mentorluk fonksiyonlarının okul müdür yardımcılarının iş doyumuna etkisi [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi.
Özdemir, N. & Yalçın, M. T. (2018). An evaluation of principals’ leadership practices on assistant principals’ leadership self-efficacy. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 9(32), 1298-1318.
Özdemir, D. (2014). Müdür yardımcılarının mesleki gelişimleri konusunda okul müdürlerinin yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi.
Panyako, D., & Rorie, L. (1987). The changing role of the assistant principal. NASSP Bulletin, 71(501), 6-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263658707150103
Peterson, K. D., Marshall, C., & Grier, T. (1987). The assistant principals' academy: Technical training and socialization of future leaders. NASSP Bulletin, 71(501), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263658707150108
Pollock, K., Wang, F., & Hauseman, D. C. (2017). The changing nature of vice principals’ work. Final report for the Ontario Principals’ Council. https://edst-educ.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/07/pollock-opc-vp-report-final.pdf
Ribbins, P. (1997). Heads on deputy headship: impossible roles for invisible role holders? Educational Management and Administration, 25(3), 295-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X97253006
Russell, R. F. (2001). The role of values in servant leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(2), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730110382631
Schermuly, C. C., Schermuly, R. A., & Meyer, B. (2011). Effects of vice‐principals' psychological empowerment on job satisfaction and burnout. International Journal of Educational Management, 25(3), 252-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541111120097
Schulz, J., Mundy, M. A., Kupczynski, L., & Jones, D. (2016, July). A comparison of practical leadership skills of principals and assistant principals. National Forum of Educational Administration & Supervision Journal, 34(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541111120097
Scoggins, A., & Bishop, H. L. (1993, November 10-12). A review of the literature regarding the roles and responsibilities of assistant principals [Paper presentation]. 22nd Annual Meeting of the MidSouth Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED371436.pdf
Searby, L., Browne-Ferrigno, T., & Wang, C. H. (2017). Assistant principals: Their readiness as instructional leaders. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 16(3), 397-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2016.1197281
Shore, K., & Walshaw, M. (2018). Assistant/deputy principals: what are their perceptions of their role?. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 21(3), 310-326. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2016.1218550
Şimşek, H., & Örücü, D. (2016). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de okul yöneticilerinin yetiştirilmesine genel bir bakış. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 21-32.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Spillane, J. P. (2005, June). Distributed leadership. The Educational Forum, 69(2), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131720508984678
Swain, G. J. (2016). Duties as assigned: How principals' leadership practices influence their vice-principals' leadership self-efficacy [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1821949377?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
Turan, S., & Şişman, M. (2000). Okul yöneticileri için standartlar: Eğitim yöneticilerinin bilgi temelleri üzerine düşünceler. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(4), 68-87.
Turhan, M. & Karabatak, S. (2015). Türkiye’de okul yöneticilerinin yetiştirilmesi ve yurtiçi alanyazında sunulan model önerilerinin incelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Educational Studies, 2(3), 79-107.
VanTuyle, V. L. (2018). Illinois Assistant Principals: Instructional Leaders or Disciplinarians. Education Leadership Review, 19(1), 1-20. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1200805.pdf
Wong, P. M. (2009). A conceptual framework for understanding the working relationship between school principals and vice-principals. School Leadership and Management, 29(2), 157-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430902775558
Yiğit, M., & Ağalday, B. (2022). Unutulmuş bir okul yöneticisi: okul müdür yardımcılarının yönetim tarzları okul iklimini nasıl etkiler?. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 36(3), 732-750. https://doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2022363447
Yu‐Kwong, P. K., & Walker, A. (2010). Secondary school vice‐principals: commitment, challenge, efficacy and synchrony. British Educational Research Journal, 36(4), 531-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920903018026