Baltık ve Arktika’da NATO Genişlemesinin Rusya Güvenliğine Etkisi

Arktika, enerji ve yeni geçiş yollarının keşfedilmesi sonrasında küresel güçlerin yeni rekabet alanı olmuştur. Jeopolitik olarak önemli bir konuma sahip olan Arktika, NATO ve Rusya’nın yeni mücadele alanıdır. Bölgeyi incelediğimizde, Arktika Konseyi üyeleri Kanada, Amerika, Norveç, Danimarka, İzlanda, Finlandiya, İsveç ve Rusya’dır. Bu ülkelerden Rusya ve İsveç haricinde hepsi NATO üyesidir. Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırmasının ardından Finlandiya ve İsveç NATO üyesi olmak için başvuru yapmışlardır ve Finlandiya NATO üyeliğine kabul edilmiştir. Diğer yandan Baltık ülkelerinin de NATO üyesi olması ile Rusya hem Doğu Avrupa hem de Arktika bölgesinde çevrelenmiş durumdadır. Bu nedenle, çalışma kapsamında üç temel araştırma sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır: birincisi, NATO’nun Arktika bölgesindeki genişleme süreci nasıl ilerlemektedir? İkincisi, NATO genişlemesine karşı Rusya’nın doktrini (politikaları) nedir? Üçüncüsü, NATO genişlemesinin Rusya’nın güvenliğine etkisi nasıl olacaktır?

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Arktika, NATO, Rusya, Arktik Konseyi, Hegemonya

The Impact of NATO Enlargement on Russian Security in the Baltic and Arctic

After the discovery of energy and new transit routes, the Arctic has become the new competition area of global powers. The Arctic, which has a geopolitically important position, is the new struggle area of NATO and Russia. When we examine the region we see the members of the Arctic Council are Canada, America, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Sweden and Russia. All of these countries are NATO members except Russia and Sweden. After Russia's attack on Ukraine, Finland and Sweden applied for NATO membership and Finland was accepted. On the other hand, with the Baltic states also becoming NATO members, Russia is surrounded both in Eastern Europe and in the Arctic region. Therefore, the study seeks to answer three main research questions: first, how is NATO's enlargement process in the Arctic region progressing? Second, what is Russia's doctrine (policies) against NATO enlargement? Third, what will be the impact of NATO enlargement on Russia's security?

Keywords:

Arctic, NATO, Russia, Arctic Council, Hegemony,

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