Kamusal Mallar Tanımınında Farklı Görüşler

Kamusal mallar tanımı zaman içinde değişmekte, içinde bulunulan dönemdeki politik deneyimler ve gerçekleri yansıtmaktadır. Geniş kabul gören tanıma göre kamusal mallar tüketiminde bireyler arasında rekabet olmayan, tüketiminden kimsenin dışlanamadığı mallardır. Bu tanım malların doğasında var olan özelliklerine dayanmaktadır. Fakat özel ve kamusal mallar arasındaki bu geleneksel farkın artık terk edilmesi gerektiği tartışılmaktadır. Çünkü bu görüşe göre özel ve kamusal mallar arasındaki sınır toplum tarafından belirlenir. Toplum bu malların özel sektör yerine kamu sektöründe üretilmesini tercih ettiği için bu mallar kamusaldır. Standart tanımı revize eden bir başka tanıma göre ise kamusal mallar tüketiminden kimsenin dışlanamadığı yani fiilen ortak tüketimin söz konusu olduğu mallardır.

Differrent Aspects on Public Goods Definition

The concept of public goods has changed over time. The concept prevalent during any one era has tended to reflect the realities and policy experiences of its time. According to most widely definition, public goods are goods whose consumption is free from rivalry and non payers cannot be excluded from consumption. This definition rests on the inherent properties of the good itself, referring to criteria such as non-rivalness and non-excludability. But it is argued that the traditional distinction between public and private goods should be abandoned because the boundary between public and private goods is socially constructed. They are public because society chooses to put the goods in the public sector instead of the private sector. The other revise the standard definition of public goods is that, public goods are those that are nonexclusive- that is de facto public in consumption.

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