Yurdal GENÇ, M.Kemal REVAN, V. Valery MASLENNIKOV, Semi HAMZAÇEBİ, Okan DELİBAŞ, Taner ÜNLÜ

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi (KD Türkiye) volkanojenik masif sülfid yatakları cevher fasiyeslerine ait bazı özgün bulgular

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi volkanojenik masif sülfid (VMS) yataklarının cevherleri yapı-doku, bileşen ve konum olarak incelendiğinde “cevher fasiyesleri” ve “cevherli sedimanter fasiyesler” olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Cevher fasiyesleri hidrotermal-metasomatik, deniz tabanı hidrotermal ve biyolojik fasiyeslerden oluşur. Hidrotermal-metasomatik fasiyesler deniz tabanının altındaki (sub-sea floor) ornatma süreçlerini kapsar ve ağsal-saçınımlı, masif damar ve masif merceklerle temsil edilir. Deniz tabanının hemen altındaki volkano-sedimanter kayaçlar içerisinde oluşmuş kırık ve çatlaklar içerisinde sülfit minerallerinin yığışımı ile oluşur ve bazı yatakların önemli bileşenleridir. Deniz tabanı hidrotermal fasiyesler deniz tabanındaki sülfit yığışımlarıdır ve hidrotermal çıkış bacaları ile kırıntılı sülfit cevherlerle karakterizedir. Kırıntılı sülfit cevherler yakın (proximal) ve uzak (distal) fasiyeslerine ayrılır. Cevherli sedimanter fasiyesler, cevherli seviyenin hemen üzerinde oluşmuş fazla kalın olmayan yanal uzanımlı demirli çörtler (exhalite?) ile ayırt edilir. Biyolojik fasiyesler ise deniz tabanı yığışımı için karakteristik olan çıkış kanalı (vent) fosil faunası ile temsil edilir. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi masif sülfid yataklarının cevherleri yapı-doku ve bileşenler açısından iyi korunmuş özelliklere sahiptir. Bu iyi korunmuş özelliklerden yola çıkarak bazı masif sülfid yatakların deniz tabanında (sea floor) moloz/kütle akmaları şeklinde, bazı yatakların ise deniz tabanının hemen altındaki ornatma süreçleriyle oluştuğu söylenebilir. Cevherin kırıntılı (klastik) doğası ve bazı sin- sedimanter yapılar bu yatakların oldukça hareketli bir ortamda çökelmiş olduklarına işaret eder. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi VMS yataklarında gözlenen kırıntılı sülfit cevher, sülfit çıkış bacaları, demirli çörtler ve fosil fauna varlığı deniz tabanında çökelime işaret eden önemli verilerin başında gelir. Cevher fasiyeslerinin belirlenmesi VMS yataklarının bölgesel ve küresel ölçekte sınıflandırılması için belirleyici bir yöntemdir.

Original findings on the ore-bearing facies of volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in the eastern Black Sea region (ne Turkey)

In the massive sulphide deposits of the eastern Black Sea region, there are ore facies and ore-bearing sedimentary facies. The former are subdivided into hydrothermal-metasomatic, seafloor hydrothermal, and biological facies. Hydrothermal-metasomatic facies refer to sub-seafloor processes and include network-disseminated, massive vein, and massive lens facies. The precipitation of sulphide minerals within pre-existing volcano-sedimentary rocks occurs largely beneath the seafloor, and these ores form an important component of some deposits. The term seafloor hydrothermal facies refers to sulphide accumulation on the seafloor and is characterised by hydrothermal chimneys and clastic sulphide ores. Clastic sulphide ores can be subdivided into proximal and distal facies. Ore-bearing sedimentary facies are characterised by relatively thin ferruginous chert (exhalite?) beds that occur along the uppermost part of the ore horizon. The biological facies is represented by fossil vent fauna, which are diagnostic for seafloor sulphide formation. The VMS ores of the eastern Black Sea region have well-preserved facies characteristics, especially in terms of texture and components. Some massive sulphide deposits accumulated via molasse/mass flow on the seafloor, whereas others formed via sub-seafloor replacement processes. Clastic sulphide textures and some sedimentary structures indicate that these deposits formed in a highly active setting. Clastic sulphide textures, sulphide chimney fragments, ferruginous cherts and fossil vent fauna (tube worms) recognised in the Pontide deposits are diagnostic and support the seafloor origin of VMS deposits.

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