Geleneksel ve eleştirel jeopolitiğin karşılaştırmalı analizi

Bu makalenin amacı, eleştirel jeopolitik yaklaşımların hangi hususlarda geleneksel çalışmalardan farklılıklar içerdiğini ortaya koymak suretiyle her iki yaklaşımın mukayeseli analizini yapmaktır. Geleneksel ve eleştirel jeopolitik yaklaşımların her biri coğrafya-politika etkileşimini incelese de ana temaları, araştırma soruları, problem sahaları ve tartışma konuları bakımında farklılıklar içerir. Bu farklılıklara her iki jeopolitik yaklaşımın; anlama-yorumlamada, bulguları değerlendirme yöntemlerinde, çözümleme ve inceleme düzeylerindeki ayrışmaları da eklemek gerekir. Bu farklılaşmanın temelinde geleneksel jeopolitiğin paradigmasını pozitivist, eleştirel jeopolitiğin ise postpozitivist bilim felsefesinin oluşturması yatmaktadır. Geleneksel jeopolitiğin dünyaya nasıl bakılması gerektiği, coğrafya üzerinden nasıl güç devşirilebileceği, siyasetin nasıl şekillendireceğini ve gücün nasıl kullanılacağını araştırma iddiasının aksine, eleştirel jeopolitik, dünyanın ne olduğunu anlamaya çalışan yönüyle radikal bir bakış açısına sahiptir. Sorun çözücü ve strateji yapıcı geleneksel jeopolitik kuramlardan farklı olarak eleştirel jeopolitik dünyaya bir noktadan bakmaz ve mekânı ülkelerin siyasi hudutları ile sınırlı tutmaz, bütünü kapsar, özeli kendine özgün niteliği ile tarihsel, kültürel ve süreçsel bağlamı ile ele alır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Jeopolitik, eleştirel jeopolitik, geleneksel jeopolitik, karşılaştırmalı analiz, pozitivist, postpozitivist, siyaset, güvenlik

A comparative analysis of traditional and critical geopolitics

The aim of this article is to make a comparative analysis of traditional and critical geopolitical approaches by revealing the aspects which differ between both approaches. Although each of the traditional and critical geopolitical approaches examines the interaction of geography and politics, they contain differences in their main themes, research questions, problem areas, and discussion topics. In addition to these differences between both geopolitical approaches, It is also necessary to add the differences in understanding-interpretation, methods of evaluating the findings, and levels of analysis. The basis of this differentiation is the positivist paradigm of traditional geopolitics and the postpositivist philosophy of the science of critical geopolitics. Unlike traditional geopolitical theories, which are problem solvers and strategists, critical geopolitics does not look at the world from a single point of view and does not limit the space to the political borders of the countries; it covers the whole and deals with the particular in its historical, cultural and processual context with its unique features. Contrary to the traditional geopolitics' claim to examine how the world should be viewed, how power can be gathered through geography, how politics will be shaped, and how power will be used, critical geopolitics has a radical perspective with the aspect that tries to understand what the world is like.

Keywords:

Geopolitics, critical geopolitics, traditional geopolitics, comparative analysis, positivist, postpositivist, politics, security,

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