Ruminant Hayvanların Beslenmesinde Guar Fasulyesi Küspesinin Kullanımı

Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba); kuraklığa dayanıklı, yazlık olarak yetiştirilen, tek yıllık bir baklagil olup insan ve hayvan tüketimine yönelik olarak yetiştiriciliği yapılmaktadır. Guar fasulyesinin birincil ürünü guar sakızı olup, sakız çıkarıldıktan sonra kalan guar küspesi yan ürün olarak üretildiği için nispeten ucuz ve yüksek protein içeriğine sahip bir yem hammaddesidir. Guar fasulyesi küspesi, yüksek protein içeriği sebebi ile genellikle soya fasulyesi küspesi yerine kullanılmakta olup galaktomannan ve saponin içeriğinden dolayı antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahiptir. Bu derlemede guar fasulyesinin yan ürünü olan ve ruminant hayvanların beslenmesinde yüksek protein içeriği ile soya fasulyesi küspesine alternatif olabilecek guar fasulyesi küspesi üretimi, besin madde içeriği, antinurisyonel faktörleri ve ruminant hayvanların beslenmesinde kullanımına yönelik yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgiler verilecektir.

___

  • 1. Rahman M and Shafivr M (1967): Guar meal in dairy cattle rations. PhD Diss. Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX.
  • 2. Whistler RL and Hymowitz T (1979): Guar: Agronomy, Production. Industrial Use and Nutrition. Purdue Univ., Press, West Lafyette, IN.
  • 3. Sharif M, Nazar M, Sultanjı Bilal MQ, Shahid M and Hussain A (2014): Effect of replacing cotton seed cake with guar meal on growth performance and economics in sahiwal calves. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 24(Suppl. 1): 2014, Page: 28-32 ISSN: 1018-7081.
  • 4. Cebeci G, Gökkuş A ve Alatürk F (2016): Farklı ekim sıklığının sakız fasulyesinde (Cyamopsis tetragonobla) ot verimi ve bazı verim özelliklerine etkisi. Alınteri, Araştırma/Research Article, 30 (B) – 2016 53 - 59 ISSN:1307-3311.
  • 5. Sudhir S, Kulbhushan G, Sangamesh V A, Sultan H B, Brian S and Dawn VL (2016): Growth and (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes under different planting dates in the semi-arid southern high plains. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 1246-1258.
  • 6. Erdoğdu İ (2004): Farklı sıralara ekilen mısır ve soya bitkisinde ekim oranlarının bazı bitkisel özellikler ve yem verimine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, Ankara.
  • 7. Mert M ve İlker E (2016): Ana ürün koşullarında bazı soya (Glycine max (L.) Merill) hat ve çeşitlerinin Aksaray bölgesine adaptasyonu üzerine çalışmalar. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2016, 25 (2):176-181.
  • 8. Salehpour M ve Qazvinian K (2011): Effects of feedıng different levels of guar meal on performance and blood metabolites in Holstein lactating cows. Lucrări Ştiinţifice - vol. 55, Seria Zootehnie Page: 196-200.
  • 9. Walaa M Abdel-Wahab, Salah K Sayed, Reda AM Sabek, Mohamed S. Abbas and Hassan M. Sobhy (2016): Research article effect of using guar korma meal as a new source of protein on productive performance of buffalos. Asian J. Anim. Sci., 10 (6): 300-306.
  • 10. Açıkgöz E, Uzun A, Bilgili U and Sıncık M (2004): Yield and quality performances of forage type pea strains contrasting leaf types. European J. Agronomy, 22: 85-94.
  • 11. Hassan SM (2008): Antimicrobial activities of saponin-rich guar meal extract. Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy.
  • 12. Srivastava S, ANEES K. and Ramani R (2011): Promose of guar meal, Science reporter, November 2011, http://nopr.niscair.res.in/ bitstream/123456789/13016/1/SR%2048%2811%29%2038-39. pdf , Erişim Tarihi: 14.12.2018.
  • 13. Lee JT, Connor-Appleton S, Haq AU, Bailey CA, and Cartwright AL (2004): Quantitative measurement of negligible trypsin inhibitor activity and nutrient analysis of guar meal fractions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 20:6492-56495.
  • 14. Maier H., Anderson M, Karl C, Magnuson K, and Whistler RL (1993): Guar, locust bean, tara and fenugreek gums. Pages 81– 1221 in Industrial Gums: Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives. R. L. Whistler, and J. N. BeMiller, eds. Acad. Press, London, UK.
  • 15. Soleimani N, Malecky M, Aliarabi H, Zamani P and Dehghan- Banadaky M, (2015): In vitro evaluation of different substitution levels of soybean meal by guar meal in a fattening diet for lambs. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 5(3), 615-621.
  • 16. Habib G, Khan NA, Ali M and Bezabih M (2013a): In situ ruminal crude protein degradability of by-products from cereals, oilseeds and animal origin. Livest. Sci. 153, 81-87.
  • 17. Garg MR, Kannan A, Shelke SK, Phondba BT and Sherasıa PL (2012):, Nutritional evaluation of some ruminant feedstuffs by in vitro gas production technique. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 82 (8): 898–902.
  • 18. Logaranjanai G, Banupriya S and Kathirvelan C (2015): Nutritional evaluation of guar meal by in vitro digestibility. International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O) and Technology, Vol. 4, No 4, 2015, 1232 – 1235.
  • 19. Heo P S, Lee SW, Kim D H, Lee G, Kim KH and Kim YY (2009): Various levels of guar meal supplementation on growth performance and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 87, E-Suppl. 2: 144.
  • 20. Verma SVS and McNab JM (1984): Chemical, biochemical and microbiological examination of guar meal. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 19, 165-170.
  • 21. Verma SVS and McNab JM (1982): Guar meal in diets for broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 23, 95-105.
  • 22. Conner S (2002): Characterization of guar meal for use in poultry ration. PhD Thesis, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Texas.
  • 23. Acamovic T (2001): Commercial application of enzyme technology for poultry production. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 57(3): 225-242.
  • 24. Ahmed MB, Hamid RA, Ali ME and Hassan AB (2006): Proximate composition, antinutritional factors and protein fractions of guar gum seeds as influenced by processing treatments. Pakistan J. Nutr. 5(5): 481-484.
  • 25. Saxena UC and Pradhan K. (1974): Effect of high protein level on the replacement value of guar meal in layer ration. Ind J Anim Sci. 44: 190-193.
  • 26. Benţea MI and Şara A (2015): Nutritive traits and the use of guar meal in the nutrition of farm animals. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 72(2) / 2015 Print ISSN 1843-5262; Electronic ISSN 1843-536X DOI: 10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:11357.
  • 27. Murry Jr AC, Hinton, Jr A and Morrison H (2004): Inhibition of growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Clostridia perfringens on chicken feed media by Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus plantarum. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3:603-607.
  • 28. Van Immerseel F, Russell JB, Flythe MD, Gantois I, Timbermont L, Pasmans F Haesebrouck F and Ducatelle R [2006]: The use of organic acids to combat Salmonella in poultry: a mechanistic explanation of the efficacy. Avian Pathol. 35:182-188.
  • 29. Du A and Hu S (2004): Effects of herbal complex against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens. J. Vet. Med. 51:194-197.
  • 30. Arab HA, Rahbari S, Rassouli A, Moslemi MH and Khosravirad F (2006): Determination of artemisinin in Artemisia sieberi and anticoccidial effects of the plant extract in broiler chickens. Trop. Anim. Heal. Prod. 38:497–503.
  • 31. Sen S, Makkar HPS, Muetzel S, and Becker K (1998): Effect of Quillaja saponaria saponins and Yucca schidigera plant extract on growth of Escherichia coli. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 27:35-38.
  • 32. Johnson KA and Johnson DE (1995): Methane emissions from cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 1995, 73: 2483-2492.
  • 33. Hristov AN, McAllister TA, Van Herk FH, Cheng KJ, Newbold CJ and Cheeke PR (1999): Effect of Yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 1999, 77: 2554-2563.
  • 34. Santoso B, Mwenya B, Sar C and Takahashi J (2006): Ruminal fermentation and nitrogen metabolism in sheep fed a silage-based diet supplemented with Yucca schidigera or Yucca schidigera and nisin. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2006, 129: 187-195.
  • 35. Holtshausen L, Chaves AV, Beauchemin KA, McGinn SM, McAllister TA, Odongo NE, Cheeke PR and Benchaar C (2009): Feeding saponin-containing Yucca schidigera 73 and Quillaja saponaria to decrease enteric methane production in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2009, 92: 3543-3543.
  • 36. Teferedegne B (2000): New perspectives on the use of tropical plants to improve ruminant nutrition. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2000, 59: 209-214.
  • 37. Hu WL, Liu JX, Ye JA, Wu YM and Guo YQ (2005): Effect of tea saponin on Rumen fermentation in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005, 120: 333-339.
  • 38. Oleszek W, Junkuszew M and Stochmal A (1999): Determination and toxicity of saponins from Amaranthus cruentus seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1999, 47: 3685-3687.
  • 39. Ahmed Muna MM, El Hag FM and Awouda Manahil M (2000): The use of guar meal in the diet of sheep. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 9, 2000, 91 – 98.
  • 40. Turki IY, Elkadier OA, El-Amin M, El. Zuber D and Hassabo AA (2011): Effect of Guar meals and oilseed cakes on carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes of beef cattle. Bio. Res. Commun. 1, 66-75.
  • 41. Mahdavi M, Torbatinejad NM, Moslemipur F and Samiei R (2010): Evaluation of guar meal replacement potential instead of some conventional meals for feedlot lambs. Pp. 11-15 in Proc. 28nd ASAP Biennial Conf., Armidale, Australia.
  • 42. Marghazani B, Jabbar MA, Pasha TN and Abdullah M (2013): Ruminal degradability characteristics in vegetable protein sources of Pakistan. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 23, 1578-1582.
  • 43. Gonzalez J, Andres S, Rodriguez AC and Alvir MR, (2002): In situ evaluation of the protein value of soybean meal and processed fullfat soybeans for ruminants. Anim. Res. 51 (2002) 455-464.
  • 44. Danesh Mesgaran M, Jahani-Azizabadi H, Vatandoost M, Mojtahedi M, Abdi Gheze/jeh E, Vakili AR and Fanaie-Nokar A (2009): In vitro first order dry matter disappearance kinetics of guar meal. Proceedings of the XlthInternational Symposium on Ruminant Physiology sayfa: 148-149.
  • 45. Garg M R, Bhanderi BM, Sherasia PL, Gulati SK and Scott TW (2004): Significance of feeding protected protein meals for improving efficiency of milk production in developing countries, Paper presented at International Nutrition Conference-2004, Lahore.
  • 46. Turki IY, Hassabo AA, Ahmed DE, Khogali NME, Talib AI, and Omer ME (2011): Effects of Feeding Different Levels of Guar (Cyamposis teragonoloba) Germ on Fattening Performance of Sheep. VOL. 1, NO. 1, November2011, ARPN Journal of Science and Technology.