Sivil Toplum, Yönetişim ve Kalkınma

Yeni Kurumsal İktisat Okulunun etkisi ile değişime uğrayan neoliberal kalkınma anlayışında yönetişimin önemine sıklıkla vurgu yapılır. Post Washington mutabakatı sonrası kalkınma yazınında kendine giderek daha fazla yer bulan yönetişim kavramı, devlet, piyasa ve sivil toplumun karşılıklı uyum içinde hareket etmesi anlamını taşır. Yönetişim kavramının dayandığı üç sacayağından biri olan sivil toplum bu çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı sivil toplumu iktisadi bağlamda analiz etmek ve bilhassa kalkınma açısından üstlendiği rolü değerlendirmektir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın literatüre katkısı sivil toplum kalkınma ilişkisine Yeni Kurumsal İktisat Okulu perspektifinden bakmak ve birer kalkınma kurumu olarak değerlendirilen STK’ların temsil güçlerinde ve strateji geliştirme davranışlarında meydana gelen değişimleri ortaya koymaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kalkınma Ekonomisi, Post Washington Mutabakatı, Yönetişim, Sivil Toplum, STK'lar

Civil Society, Governance and Development

The importance of governance is frequently emphasized in the understanding of neoliberal development, which has been altered by the effect of the New Institutional School of Economics. The concept of governance, which has found itself more and more in the literature of development after the Post Washington agreement, means that the state, market and civil society act in harmony. Civil society, one of the three pillars on which the concept of governance is based, constitutes the focus of this study. The aim of the study is to analyze civil society in an economiccontext and to evaluate its role especially in terms of development. Accordingly, the contribution of the study to the literature is to look at the relationship between civil society and development from the perspective of the New Institutional School of Economics and to reveal changes in the representational powers and behaviors in strategy development of NGOs, which are considered as development institutions.

Keywords:

Development Economics, Post Washington Consensus, Governance, Civil Society, NGO’s,

PDF

___

Aysan, Ahmet F. (2019), “Yönetişim ve Kurumlar Terimlerinin İktisat Literatüründe Yükselişi” http://www.econ.boun.edu.tr/content/wp/ISS_EC_06_16.pdf (14.05.2019).
Bardhan, Pranab (1993) “Economics of Development and the Development of Economics”, The Journal Of Economic Perspectives, 7 (2), ss.129-142.
Bayramoğlu, Sonay (2005). Yönetişim Zihniyeti: Türkiye’de Üst Kurullar ve Siyasal İktidarın Dönüşümü, İstanbul: İletişim.
Brett, Edward.A. (1993), “Voluntary Agencies as Development Organizations: Theorizing the Problem of Efficiency and Accountability”, Development and Change (SAGE, London, Newbury Park and New Delhi), Vol. 24, ss.269-303.
Cameron, John (2000) “Development Economics, the New Institutional Economics and NGOs”, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 4, NGO Futures: Beyond Aid (Aug., 2000), ss.627-635.
Commins, Stephen (1999), “NGO’s: Ladles in the Soup Kitchen?” Development in Practice, 9 (5), ss.619-622.
CONCORD (2011). The Siem Reap CSO Consensus on The International Framework For CSO Development Effectiveness. Agreed By The Second Global Assembly, Open Forum For Cso Development Effectıveness, Siem, Reap, Cambodıa, June 28 – 29, 2011. https://acfid.asn.au/sites/site.acfid/files/resource_document/The_Siem_Reap_CSO_Consensus.pdf, (17.07.2019).
Dagher, Ruby (2017), “Civil society and development: a reconceptualisation”, Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement, Vol.38 No.1, ss.54-71.
Edwards, Michael, Hulme, D., Wallace, T. (1999), “NGOs in a global future: marrying local delivery to worldwide leverage”, Public Administration and Development, Vol.19,ss. 117-136.
Etzioni, Amitai (1973), “The Third Sector and Domestic Missions”, Public Administration Review, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1973), ss.314-323.
Fowler, Alan (2000), Civil Society, Ngdos And Social Development: Changing The Rules Of The Game. Cenevre 2000 Occasional Paper, No.1. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. file:///C:/Users/CASPER/Downloads/Civil_Society_NGDOs_and_Social_Development_Changin.pdf (17.07.2019).
Jessop, Bob (1998), “The Rise of Governance and The Risk of Failure: The Case of Economic Development”, International Social Science Journal, Vol. 50, Issue: 155, March 1998, ss.29-45.
Keyman, Fuat (2004), Türkiye’de ve Avrupa’da Sivil Toplum. Sivil Toplum ve Demokrasi Konferans Yazıları, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul, No: 3, 1-34. https://stk.bilgi.edu.tr/media/uploads/2015/02/01/keyman_std_3.pdf (17.07.2019).
Kindornay, Shannon (2011), From Aid to Development Effectiveness: A Working Paper, The North-South Institute. http://www.nsi-ins.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/2011-From-aid-to-development-effectiveness.pdf (17.07.2019).
Kontinen, Tiina., Millstein, Ira M. (2017), “Rethinking Civil Society in Development: Scales and Situated Hegemonies”, Forum for Development Studies, 2017 Vol. 44, No. 1, ss.69–89.
Korten, David C.(2009), Agenda For A New Economy: From Phantom Wealth To Real Wealth, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Lewis, Davis, Kanji, Nazneen (2009), Non-Governmental Organizations and Development, Routledge Perspectives on Development, London: Routledge.
Malhotra, Kamal (2000), “NGOs without aid: Beyond the Global Soup Kitchen”, Third World Quarterly, 21:4, ss.655-668. North, Douglass. C. (2002), Kurumlar, Kurumsal Değişim ve Ekonomik Performans. (çev:Gül Ç. Güven), İstanbul: Sabancı Üniversitesi.
OECD (2018a). http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/thehighlevelforaonaideffectivenessahistory.htm (17.07.2019).
OECD (2018b). http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/oecdandthefourthhighlevelforumonaideffectiveness.htm (17.07.2019).
OECD (2019). https://www.oecd.org/dac/ (17.07.2019).
Pearce, Jenny (2000), “Development, NGOs, and civil society: the debate and its future”. Deborah Eade (ed.), Development, NGOs, and Civil Society, Oxfam GB, Oxford, OX4 2JY, UK.
Psacharopoulos, G., Nguyen, X. (1997), The Role Of Government And The Private Sector İn Fighting Poverty, Technical Paper, No.346, World Bank, Washington DC.
Salamon, L. M., Anheier, H. K. (1992), “In search of the non-profit sector.I: The question of definitions”, Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, November 1992, Volume 3, Issue 2, ss.125–151.
Salamon, Lester. M., & Anheier, Helmut. K. (1999), “Civil Society in Comparative Perspective” L. M. Salamon, H. K. Anheier, R. List, S. Toepler, S. W. Sokolowski (Eds.) Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, Baltimore, ss.3-40.
Sarıbay, A. Yaşar (2014), Postmodernite Sivil Toplum ve İslam. İstanbul: Sentez.
Sarıbay, A. Yaşar (2013), Demokrasinin Sosyolojisi. İstanbul: Sentez.
Scholte, J. Aart (2002), “Civil Society and Democracy in Global Governance”. Global Governance, Vol.8, No.3, (July- Sept. 2002), ss.281-304.
Sobacı, M. Zahid (2007), “Yönetişim Kavramı Ve Türkiye’de Uygulanabilirliği Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), ss.219-235.
Stiglitz, Joseph (2013), “Küreselleşen Dünya’da Kalkınma Politikaları” Fikret Şenses (ed.), Neoliberal Küreselleşme ve Kalkınma-Seçme Yazılar, 2. Baskı, İstanbul: İletişim, ss.281-306.
Teegen ,H., Doh, P. J., Vachani, S. (2004), “The İmportance of Nongovermental Organizations (Ngos) in Global Governance and Value Creation: An International Business Research Agenda”, Journal of International Business Studies, 35, ss.463-483.
TRIALOG (2013). Development Effectiveness & the Role of Civil Society Organisations. Policy Digest, No:6, December.
Tuıjl, V. Peter (2000), “Entering the global dealing room: reflections on a rights-based framework for NGOs in international development.”, Third World Quarterly, Vol 21, No 4, ss.617–626.
UN (2016).United Nations Economic and Social Council. https://www.un.org/ecosoc/en/node/310191 (13.11.2016).
Veltmeyer, Henry (2006), Latin Amerika ve Başka Kalkınma. (çev: Özkan Akpınar). İstanbul: Kalkedon.
Wayenberge Van, E. (2013), “Washington Mutabakatı’ndan Washington Sonrası Mutabakata: Kalkınma Yanılsamaları” Fikret Şenses (ed.), Neoliberal Küreselleşme Ve Kalkınma-Seçme Yazılar, 2. Baskı, İstanbul: İletişim, ss.307-345,
Williamson, Oliver E. (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting. New York: Free Press.
Williamson, Oliver E. (1996), The Mechanisms of Governance, Oxford University Press.
WORLDBANK (2013). http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/CSO/0,,contentMDK:20101499~menuPK:244752~pagePK:220503~piPK:220476~theSitePK:228717,00.html (06.11.2017).
WORLDBANK (2017). http://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2017/04/21/civil-society-policy-forum. (06.11.2017).
Yüksel, Esra (2014), “Kalkınma ve Sivil Toplum”, Ahmet F. Aysan, Devrim Dumludağ (ed.), Kalkınmada Yeni Yaklaşımlar,1. Baskı, Ankara: İmge, ss.147-170.