Filistin Direnişinin İslami Kanadı HAMAS: Kökenleri, Karakteri ve Siyaseti

Hamas Arap coğrafyasının neredeyse her köşesine yayılmış İhvan’ın tarihsel ve ideolojik mirasını Filistin halkının kendine has geliştirdiği yaşam karakteristiğiyle harmanlamış bir örgüttür. Bu miras ve karakteristik üzerine Hamas, kurulduğu tarih olan 1987’den itibaren Filistin direnişinin bir sorumluluk olduğu ve işgal altındaki toprakların terk edilemeyeceği ülküsünden hareketle İsrail devletine karşı en ön saflarda mücadele etmektedir. Hatta zaman içerisinde Filistin meselesinde belirleyici başat aktörlerden birisi haline gelmiştir. Hal böyleyken, Filistin meselesinin Ortadoğu bölgesinin temel meselelerinden hatta belki de en temel meselesi olması hasebiyle Hamas Ortadoğu’da önem arz eden devlet dışı aktörlerden birisi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Buradan hareketle, eldeki bu çalışma Hamas’ı anlamanın öncül koşulu olan örgütün İhvan geçmişini irdelemektedir. Ardından İsrail işgalinin getirdiği tecrübeyle Hamas’ı ortaya çıkaran Filistin’e özgü yerel koşulların altını çizmekte ve Hamas-Fetih arasındaki rekabeti dikkate alarak Hamas örgütünün yapısı ve temel özellikleriyle ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İntifada, Fetih, Filistin, Hamas, İhvan

Hamas, the Islamic Wing of Palestinian Resistance: Its Roots, Characteristics, and Way of Politics

Hamas is an organization that has blended the historical and ideological legacy of Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan) that has spread all over the Arab world with the sui generis living characteristics of the Palestinian people. Having such legacy and characteristics, Hamas has been considering Palestinian resistance as a religious obligation and struggling against Israel in the front line stating that the occupied territories cannot be abandoned since the day it emerged in 1987. The group has become one of the principal actors regarding the Palestinian question. Hence, Hamas has been one of the most significant non-state actors in the region. From this point, this study first addresses the Ikhwan past of Hamas. Then, the sui generis living conditions of Palestine under occupation that produced Hamas are scrutinized. Meanwhile, the study clarifies the organizational structure and main features of Hamas by paying attention to its rivalry with Fatah.

Keywords:

Intifadah, Fatah, Hamas, Ikhwan, Palestine,

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