İnsan Haklarının Evrenselliği ve Kültürel Göreliliği Tartışmasında Öz/Çekirdek-Çevre Haklar Kavramsallaştırması: Siyasal Düşünceler Çerçevesinden Eleştirel Bir İnceleme

İnsan haklarının korunması meselesi, evrensellik ve kültürel görelilik teorileri arasında bir gerilime yol açmaktadır. Bu gerilim akademik literatürde bazı hakların öz/çekirdek haklar olarak evrensel olduğu, bazı çevre haklarınsa kültürel göreli olduğu yaklaşımının savunulmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, insan haklarının evrenselliği-kültürel göreliliği arasındaki tartışmanın, öz/çekirdek-çevre haklar kavramsallaştırması üzerinden eleştirel bir incelemesini sunmaktır. Siyasal düşünceler çerçevesinden yapılan bu çalışmanın argümanı öz/çekirdek-çevre haklar kavramsallaştırmasının ve bunun sonucunda oluşan zayıf kültürel göreliliği savunan söylemin; farklılıklara saygı, çokkültürlülük, çoğulculuk ve değer çoğulculuğunun geliştirilmesi için önemli bir söylem olmakla birlikte, insan haklarının evrenselliği iddiasının halen teorik ve normatif olarak mümkün ve değerli olduğudur. Bununla beraber çalışmada, her iki yaklaşımın reel politikte normatif olarak değerli olmayacak şekilde kullanılabileceği de savunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnsan Hakları, Evrensellik, Kültürel Görelilik, Öz/Çekirdek Haklar, Çevre Haklar, Uluslararasılaşma

The Conceptualisation of Core-Periphery Rights in the Debates over Universality and Cultural Relativism of Human Rights: A Critical Examination through Political Thoughts

The issue of the protection of human rights leads to a tension between universalism and cultural relativism. This tension has led to the development of an approach in the scholarly literature that some rights are universal as core rights, while some peripheral rights are culturally relative. This study aims to provide a critical examination of the universality-cultural relativism of human rights through the conceptualization of core-peripheral rights and the perspective of political thoughts. The main argument raised in this study is that even though the conceptualization of core-peripheral rights and its concomitant discourse of weak cultural relativism are of significant importance to the development of respect for differences, multiculturalism, pluralism, and value pluralism; the claim for the universality of human rights is still theoretically and normatively possible and valuable. However, it is also argued in the study that both approaches can be used in real politics in a normatively non-appropriate way.

Keywords:

Human Rights, Internationalisation, Universality, Cultural Relativism, Core Rights, Periphery Rights.,

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