Farabi’den İbn Haldun’a: Erken Dönem Müslüman Entelektüellerin Yazılarında Devlet Algısı

Bu makale, ilk Müslüman aydınların, özellikle de el-Farabi, el-Maverdi, Nizâmülmülk, el-Gazali, İbn Teymiyye ve İbn Haldun'un yazılarındaki devlet algısını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu altı entelektüelin hepsinin Müslüman siyasi düşüncesini veya İslami siyasi düşünceyi geliştirmede büyük katkısı vardır. Bu makale entelektüellerin yazılarından devlet kavramına ilişkin aşağıdaki soruların cevabını bulmayı amaçlamıştır. Birincisi, devletin doğuşu hakkındaki tartışmalar; yani, devlet dini bir ihtyaç mı yoksa sosyal ihtiyaç mıdır? İkincisi, eğer sosyal bir ihtiyaçsa, devletteki dinin yönü ne olmalıdır? Son olarak, mevcut politikanın onların düşünceleri üzerindeki etkisi nedir? Bu araştırma, hem birincil hem de ikincil verilere dayanan nitel bir araştırmadır. Bu yazının güncel bağlamda ilk Müslüman aydınların devlet algısını analiz ederek akademiye katkıda bulunacağı umulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İslam Siyasi Düşüncesi, Farabi, Maverdi, Nizam-ül Mülk, Gazzali, İbn Taymiyye, İbn Haldun

From Farabi to Ibn Khaldun: The Perception of State in the Early Muslim Intellectual’s Writings

This paper aims to analyze the perception of the state in the writings of early Muslim intellectuals, particularly al-Farabi, al-Mawardi, Nizam al-Mulk, al-Ghazzali, Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Khaldun. All of these six intellectuals have a massive contribution in developing Muslim or Islamic political thought. This paper intended to find the answer of following questions regarding the concept of state from their writings: firstly, the debate around the birth of state; religious or social need? Secondly, if it is a social need, then what about the aspect of religion in the state? Finally, what about the influence of existing politics on their thought? This research is a qualitative form of research based on both primary and secondary data. It is hoped that this paper will contribute to the academia by analyzing the perception of state of Early Muslim intellectuals within the present context.

Keywords:

Islamic Political Thought, Farabi, Mawardi, Nizam al-Mulk, Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Khaldun,

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