Fooling nature: Ethical, social, psychological and legal aspects of surrogate motherhood

Taşıyıcı annelik, günümüz biyo-tıp etiğinin en tartışmalı meselelerinden bir tanesidir. Bu konu, ne Türk hukuk doktrininde ne de felsefe literatüründe fazla üzerinde durulmuş ve tartışılmış bir konu değildir. Makalenin amacı ise etik, sosyolojik, hukuki ve dini boyutlarıyla taşıyıcı anneliği analiz etmeye çalışmak olacaktır. Bazı sosyolojik alan araştırmaları, kadınları taşıyıcı anne olmaya yönelten motivasyonları ve taşıyıcı annelik sözleşmesinden beklentilerini anlamamıza ışık tutabilecektir. Şüphesiz dini inanç ve kanaatler, kişilerin taşıyıcı anneliğe yönelik tutumlarını belirlemede önemli bir faktördür. Bunun yanı sıra ticari taşıyıcı anneliğin leh ve aleyhindeki argümanlardan da bu makale içerisinde bahsedilecektir. Sonrasında, taşıyıcı annelik sözleşmesinden doğan örneğin bu yolla dünyaya gelen bebeklerin hukuki statülerinin belirsiz kalabilmesi gibi bazı hukuki problemlere ve bu bağlamda konuya ilişkin belli başlı davalara değinilecektir. Makalenin son kısmında ise taşıyıcı annelik hakkındaki bazı ülkelerin hukuki düzenlemelerinden örnekler verilecek ve Türk hukuk düzenindeki durum saptanacaktır. Bu veriler ışığında makalenin amacı, konu üzerinde hem Türk kamuoyunun hem de Türk yasa koyucusunun, mevcut yasağın ve hukuki düzenlemelerin üzerinde yeniden düşünmesine vesile olmaktır.

Surrogate motherhood is one of the contraversial topics in bioethics. Unfortunately, this topic has not been argued sufficiently in Turkish Law Doctrine neither legal nor philosophy literature. In this article, I aim analyzing surrogate motherhood with ethical, sociological and legal even religios dimensions. Some sociological surveys may elucidate surrogate mothers‟ motivations to become surrogate and their expectations from surrogate contract. Surely, religious beliefs and convictions are one of the essential factor affecting people‟s attitudes upon surrogate motherhood. It would be also mentioned some arguments which are both against and advocate commercial surrogate contracts with related to surrogate mother and surrogate baby. Then, I will give some famous examples such as Baby M and Baby Manji Yamada that are cases about the uncertain legal status of children resulting from a surrogacy arrangement. In the last part of the article, I will attempt to compare legal regulations of surrogate motherhood around the world. So, I will present actual legal aspects of surrogacy in Turkey as well and I will call to both Turkish legislators and public to reconsider existing legal ban in terms of surrogate motherhood.

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