Denetimli Serbestlik İşliyor mu? Türk Denetimli Serbestlik Sistemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Denetimli serbestlik Türk ceza adalet sisteminde çok yeni bir kurumdur. Günümüzde özellikle alternative yaptırım ve tedbirlerin yerine getirilmesi ile hapis cezasının infazı süreçlerinde denetimli serbestliğin önemi gittikçe artmaktadır. Buna karşın Türkiye’de, denetimli serbestliğin Batı Avrupa’daki uzun tarihi boyunca gelişen teorisine ilişkin bilgi eksikliği, kurumun anlaşılması ve uygulanmasında bazı sorunların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Kısa geçmişine rağmen Türk denetimli serbestlik sistemi günüzümüzde, artan cezaevi nüfusunun azaltılması için bir her derde deva bir yöntem olarak görülerek taşınması mümkün olmayan bir yükle başbaşa bırakılmıştır. Gelinen noktada denetimli serbestlik kurumu, diğer önemli sorunlarıyla birlikte Türk ceza infaz sisteminin büyüyen krizinin önemli bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türk denetimli serbestlik sisteminin kısa tarihi, bazı sorunlu alanları ve bunlara ilişkin çözüm önerileri sunulmaktadır.

Does the Probation Work? An Evaluation on Turkish Probation System

The probation is a new institutionin the Turkish criminal justice system.Nowadays, the importance of probationhas gradually increased especially inthe execution of alternative sanctions/measures and sentence of imprisonment.Nevertheless, lack of knowledge aboutphilosophy of probation developed duringits long history in Western Europe has ledto certain problems in understanding andimplementation of the practice in Turkey.In spite of its very short history, the Turkishprobation system has been consideredto be a panacea in order to reduce theincreasing prison population and hasbeen caused to face with a burden whichis impossible to be coped with. Today, thepractice of probation has become one ofthe most important part of the growingcrisis experienced in the Turkish penalsystem, along with its other significantproblems. In this article, brief history ofthe Turkish probation system, certainproblematic fields of the system and somesolution suggestions with respect theretoare discussed.

PDF

___

Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics, Space I-II, Survey 2015. Available at http://wp.unil.ch/space/2017/03/space-i-and-space-ii-2015/, 01.02.2017.
Official numbers of prison population, probation decisions and crime cases in the public prosecutor’s offices between 2006 and 2016. Available at: http:// istatistikler.uyap.gov.tr/, 01.02.2017.
Official numbers of probation decisions by years from 2006 to 2015. Available at: Ministry of Justice of Turkey, http://www.cte-ds.adalet.gov.tr/, 01.02.2017.
Yazici AB, Yazici E, Akkisi Kumsar N, Erol A (2015) Addiction profile in probation practices in Turkey: 5-year data analysis, Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2015(11), p. 2259–2263.
Yavuz HA (2011) Ceza Adalet Sisteminde Denetimli Serbestlik (Probation in Criminal Justice System), Doctoral Dissertation, Ankara: Gazi University.
Yavuz HA (2016) Türkiye’de Denetimli Serbestlik Mümkün müdür? Dünü, Bugünü ve Yarınıyla Türk Ceza Adalet Sisteminde Denetimli Serbestlik (Is Probation Possible in Turkey? The Past, Today and Future of Probation in Turkish Criminal Justice System). In: International 10th Anniversary Symposium of Turkish Probation Proceedings, International Approaches, 8-10 December 2015 İstanbul, Symposium Book (2016), p. 15-23. Ankara: Ministry of Justice Pub., p. 15-23.
Whitehead P and Statham R (2006) The History of Probation (Politics, Power and Cultural Change 1876-2005), Glasgow: Sweet and Maxwell Pub.
Topçuoğlu T (2015) Türkiye’de Suçluluğa ve İnfaz Politikalarına İlişkin Veri İhtiyacı, TESEV Demokratikleşme Programı Raporu, İstanbul.
Roberts JV, Stalans LJ, Indermaur D and Hough M (2003) Penal Populism and Public Opinion: Lessons From Five Countries, New York: Oxford University Press.
Probation Rules, Recommendation CM/Rec (2010)1 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the Council of Europe Probation Rules. Available at: http://www.cep-probation.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/03/ CMRec20101E.pdf.
Raynor P (2012) Is Probation Still Possible? The Howard Journal 51(2), p. 173- 189.
Othmani A (2008) Beyond Prison, The Fight to Reform Prison Systems around the World, Translated from the French by Marguerite Garling, New York: Berghahn Books.
Lipton DS (1998) The effectiveness of correctional treatment revisited thirty years later: Preliminary metaanalytic findings from the CDA TE study. Paper presented at the 12th International Congress on Criminology, Seoul, S. Korea.
Kury H, Ferdinand TN, Doob AN and Sprott J (2003) Does Severe Punishment Mean Less Criminality? International Criminal Justice Review, 13, p. 110-148.
Kamer VK (2016) Türkiye’de Denetimli Serbestlik Sisteminin Kuruluşu ve Gelişimi (The Establishment and Development of the Probation System in Turkey). In: International 10th Anniversary Symposium of Turkish Probation Proceedings, International Approaches, 8-10 December 2015 İstanbul, Symposium Book (2016), Ankara: Ministry of Justice Pub., p. 24-26.
Kalmthout AM and Tigges L (2008) Netherlands, Probation in Europe 2008, Confederation of European Probation. Available at: http://www.cepprobation. org/uploaded _files/Netherlands_The.pdf
Dizman HI (2016) Denetimli Serbestlik Tedbiri Altındaki Hükümlülerde Yeniden Suç İşleme Oranlar, Bu Oranlarının Ölçülmesi ve Uluslararası Uygulamalara Dair Değerlendirme (Re-Offending Rates and Evaluation of International Applications with respect to the Method for Determination of These Rates Under Probation), In: International 10th Anniversary Symposium of Turkish Probation Proceedings, International Approaches, 8-10 December 2015 İstanbul, Symposium Book (2016), Ankara: Ministry of Justice Pub., p. 284- 295.
Canton R and McFarlane MA (2014) Policy Transfer in Criminal Justice, Crossing Cultures, Breaking Barriers, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Burbank EG and Goldsborough EW (1954) The Probation Officer’s Personality: A Key Factor in Rehabilitation, Federal Probation, 18(2), p. 11-14.
Barry K and McFarlane MA (2014) The Partnership between the United Kingdom in Developing Probation and Other Criminal Justice Services and Turkey’s Path to Accession. In: Canton R and McFarlane MA (2014) Policy Transfer in Criminal Justice, Crossing Cultures, Breaking Barriers (Editors) (2014) London, p. 15-36.
Alptekin K, Mutlu E and Akın E (2016) Madde Bağımlılığı Tedavisi İçin Denetimli Serbestlik Şubeleri Tarafından Amatem’e Gönderilen Kişilere Yönelik Uygulamalarda Karşılaşılan Sorunlar (Problems with the Practies for People Sent to Amatem by Probation Directorates for Substance Abuse Treatment). In: International 10th Anniversary Symposium of Turkish Probation Proceedings, International Approaches, 8-10 December 2015 İstanbul, Symposium Book (2016), Ankara: Ministry of Justice Pub., p. 93-97.