Sular İçin Hayati Koruma: Birleşik Devletler Temiz Su Yasası Vatandaş Davaları Hükmü

Amerikan vatandaş katılım deneyimi, Amerikalılara, özel kirleticilere karşı vatandaş davası açma hakkı vermiştir. Çevre vatandaş davaları, çevre yasalarının etkili bir şekilde uygulanması için hayati öneme sahiptir; çevre yasalarına uygunluğu güvence altına alarak, kirliliğin daha iyi önlenmesine yardımcı olur. Bu davalar, özellikle federal ve eyalet hükümetleri bu yasaları uygulamakta başarısız olduğunda değerlidir; devlet idaresi eylemlerinde oluşan boşlukları doldurarak ek bir uygulama sağlarlar. Birleşik Devletler Temiz Su Yasası vatandaş davaları hükmü, vatandaşlara veya gruplara Yasa’nın standartlarını uygulama yetkisi verir. Davacı vatandaşlar, dava açmada göreceli olarak zor olan kanıt yükünü taşımak yerine sadece davalının Yasa’ya aykırı hareket ettiğini kanıtlamakla yükümlüdürler. Bu çalışma, Birleşik Devletler Temiz Su Yasası vatandaş davaları hükmü ve uygulamalarının diğer ülkeler tarafından benimsenmesini teşvik etmek için, bu hükmün Yasa kapsamındaki çağdaş federal su kirliliği uygulama mekanizması içindeki yeri ve önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, vatandaş davalarının, hükümet uygulama araçları yeterli ve verimli bir koruma sağlamadığı için, ulusların sularının korunması için gerekli olduğunu savunmaktadır.

VITAL PROTECTION FOR WATERS: CITIZEN SUIT PROVISION OF THE UNITED STATES CLEAN WATER ACT

The American experience of citizenparticipation authorizes Americans tobring a citizen suit against private polluters.Environmental citizen suits are indeedvital for the effective enforcement ofenvironmental statutes; they have securedcompliance with environmental laws andhave aided greatly in better prevention ofpollution. Such suits are especially valuablewhen the federal and state governmentsfail to enforce those laws; they providesupplemental enforcement by filling thegaps in governmental enforcement actions.The citizen suit provision of the UnitedStates Clean Water Act (CWA) empoweredcitizens or citizen groups to enforce thestandards of the Act. Plaintiff citizenswould no longer bear the relatively difficultburden of proof to succeed in their lawsuit.They would only have to prove that thedefendant was out of compliance with theAct.This study emphasizes the importanceof the American experience of the citizensuit provision of the CWA in the schemeof the modern federal water pollutionenforcement mechanism under the Actin order to promote the adoption of theprovision and practices presented in theAct by other countries. It argues thatcitizen suits are necessary for protectionof the nation’s waters since governmentalenforcement tools have failed to provideadequate and efficient enforcement.

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