Çevrebilim Felsefesi: Fizik-Kimya Açıklamalarına Karşı Vitalizm

Keyfî edimler ile rastlantısal olaylar arasında biçimsel ayırımın olmadığını kanıtlama babından Vitalizmden hareketle Organisizm üzerinden gidimli bir yol izliyorum. Vitalizmin gidimli yürüyüşü Mekanikçiliğe karşı çıkma amacını taşımıştır. Karşıtlık bugün tarihîcilik ile belirlenimciliğin diyalektiğinde devam etmektedir. Doğal türlerin istatistik özelliklerine odaklanarak fizik-kimya söylemi belirlenimci ve öngörmeye ilişkin mekanikçi anlayışı inşa etmektedir. Karmaşıklık, tarihî arazın yol açtığı dalgalanmaya yatkınlığın zeminini oluşturur. Çünkü zorunsuz dalgalanmaların sebep oldukları kırılmaları nedenselliğe ilişkin karmaşık modeller açıklar. Karmaşıklık modelleri sıradüzeni (hierarchy) teorisini kullanarak bu yatkınlığı yansıtmanın yanı sıra fizik-kimya temeline dayalı bir dünyayı da tasarımlarlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ekoloji

Ecological Philosophy: Vitalism Versus Physical-Chemical Explanations

I trace a discursive trajectory from vitalism through organicism to historicism, justified by the fact that there is no formal difference between arbitrary acts and random events. Vitalism's discursive role was opposition to mechanicism, an opposition continuing today as a dialectic between historicism and determinism. By focusing on natural kinds and molar/statistical properties, physical-chemical discourse constructs a mechanistic understanding in the interests of determinism and predictability. Complexity involves a susceptibility to perturbation by historical accident since complex models of causality allow for perturbations from contingent fluctuations. Models of complexity using hierarchy theory reflect this susceptibility as well, but project a world that emerges from a physical-chemical base. Historicity emerges prominently in middle level, macroscopic systems, where ecology happens to be focused. In ecology pragmatic understanding is engendered by limiting the degrees of freedom used in constructing observables, and by using statistics. When taking change into account, this approach results in a developmental discourse. Determinism and historicity both continue to inhabit ecology today in dialectical opposition.

Keywords:

ecology,

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