AHLÂKIN SEKÜLERLEŞMESİNDE DAVİD HUME ETKİSİ

Filozofun çağının tanığı olması gerçeğinden hareketle Hume, akılcılaşmış vesekülerleşmiş çağın özelliklerini felsefesinde taşıyan bir filozoftur. Bu makaledeepistemoloji, bilim, estetik, tarih, etik, metafizik, teoloji, ahlâk ve siyaset gibibirçok alanda çalışma yapmış olan filozofun ahlâk hakkındaki görüşlerine de-ğinilmiştir. Öncelikle Hume’un ahlâk felsefesinin neliğine ve ahlâk felsefesinibelirleyen unsurların ne olduğuna değinilmiştir. Sonrasında ise mevcut ahlâkanlayışına psikolojik ve epistemolojik düzeyde eleştiri getiren Hume’un ahlâkeleştirisi, –din/Hıristiyanlık konusundaki eleştirilerindeki benzerlikten hareket-le– Nietzsche bağlamında yorumlanmış ve onun modern, mevcut seküler ahlâkanlayışına etkisi ele alınmıştır. Duygu, tutku ve fayda ekseninde anladığı ahlâkanlayışıyla hem ahlâkın din ve metafizik temelinden kopuşuna hem de günümüzdünyasının siyasi, iktisadi ve içtimai oluşumuna olan katkısına yer verilmiştir.

DAVID HUME EFFECT ON THE SECULARIZATION OF MORALITY

In terms of the fact that a philosopher is a witness of his or her era, Hume was a philosopher who had his era’s rational and secularized aspects in his philosophy. In this article, the focus is on the philosopher’s thoughts about morality were focused, who studied many areas such as epistemology, science, metaphysics, theology, morality, politics. First, it was mentioned what Hume’s moral philosophy is and what components determining his philosophy are. Then, Hume’s criticism of morality, who criticized existing morality psychological and epistemological level, was interpreted in the context of Nietzsche –in terms of similarities with the Nietzsche’s criticism of religion/Christianity– and Hume’s impacts on modern, secular morality understanding were addressed. With his understanding of morality in the contexts of emotion, passion, and benefit, both his separating morality from the religion and the metaphysics and his contribution on the formation of modern world politically, economically, and socially were discussed.

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